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1. Introduction
1-1. Purpose
1-2. Definitions
2. Applying for Federal Jobs
2-1. General
2-2. Recruitment and Hiring
2-3. Competitor Inventories
2-4. When to Apply
2-5. How to Get Information
2-6. Non-Competitive Opportunities
3. Qualifications
3-1. General
3-2. Superior Academic Achievement
4. Pay
4-1. General
4-2. Pay Increases
5. How to Use This Handbook
5-1. Basic Steps to Follow
5-2. Locating Additional Jobs
5-3. When Degrees Are Not Listed
6. Fields of College Study and Related Jobs
6-1. Broad Fields of Study
6-2. Majors Within Broad Fields of Study
6-3. Specific Majors and Related Jobs
Appendix A: Federal Jobs for any College Degree
Appendix B: Federal Job Qualifications and Duties Statements
Part 1. Introduction
1-1. Purpose: This handbook is designed to help college graduates quickly identify Federal jobs for which they fully qualify and provide information on how to apply for each job. Not all Federal jobs are considered. Of the 282 that are, however, all have high career promotion potential. No jobs in the clerical, low-grade technical, or blue collar ranks are listed.
Helpful information is also provided on the general job application process, the impacts of superior academic achievement on pay and application procedures, and other important Federal employment issues.
The handbook isn't designed to be "easy reading". It's purpose is to be factual and informative, not entertaining. Search it's contents thoroughly. Used properly it can help college graduates identify many, many more Federal jobs for which they fully qualify than they would likely ever find otherwise.
1-2. Definitions: The terms below, either part of the official Federal employment jargon, or established exclusively for this handbook, are defined as follows:
College graduate - Anyone who has graduated, or will soon graduate, from an accredited college or university with a bachelor's degree.
Competition - Competing for a Federal job by either taking a civil service examination or by comparing work experience with other applicants to determine relative qualifications.
Competitor inventory - A list of candidates for a particular Federal job ranked in order of qualifications and maintained by an agency on a continuing basis. These inventories are sometimes called registers or standing registers.
Examining authority - The authority delegated to Federal agencies to advertise their own job opportunities, rate and rank applicants, and certify the eligibility of candidates for hiring purposes.
Job - An entry level position in the Federal Service, normally grade GS-5 or GS-7.
Non-competitive procedures - Special procedures used by Federal agencies to appoint certain individuals without having to follow the regular competitive process. For example, persons with severe physical handicaps may be directly appointed to Federal jobs for which they qualify and are physically able to do. No formal competition with others is required.
Open announcement - A current public notice advertising a Federal job opportunity.
Series Code - The alpha-numeric code assigned to each job category for identification and other purposes. For example, a Civil Engineer is code GS-0810.
Part 2. Applying for Federal Jobs
2-1. General: With more than two million workers, the Federal Government is by far the largest employer in the United States. Staffing an organization of this size and complexity, including recruitment, testing, rating, ranking and hiring new employees, while maintaining some degree of order and non-discriminatory fairness to every applicant, is a tremendously difficult task. The following paragraphs contain some very important information about the Federal hiring process. Understanding these basic concepts will be extremely helpful when your search for Federal job opportunities begins.
2-2. Recruitment and Hiring: Similar to many large private corporations, the Federal Government uses a central personnel office, the Office of Personnel Management (OPM), to do much of it's workforce staffing. Through a network of area Federal Job Information Centers, or FJIC's, in cooperation with State Job Service Offices, OPM advertises job opportunities extensively. Competition for Federal jobs is typically very intense.
The recruitment and hiring process usually works like this. First, an FJIC, or another agency with delegated examining authority, publishes a bulletin announcing a job opportunity. Through ways explained below, announcements are made available to the public. Anyone interested in an advertised job can request the application forms. When tests are required, applicants are notified when and where to report for the examination. After applications are rated and test scores determined, if needed, applicants are ranked in order of their qualifications. Only the names of top candidates are referred to agencies for hiring purposes.
2-3. Competitor Inventories: For the administrative convenience of both OPM and other agencies, preliminary work to fill certain kinds of jobs is done well in advance. The regular recruitment process is followed, i.e., bulletins are published, applications are accepted, tests are administered if required, and candidates are rated and ranked in order of qualifications. Names, however, are not immediately sent to anyone. Instead, a competitor inventory is established so immediate candidate referrals can later be made to agencies as real job opportunities become available. Typically, when a job announcement has no closing date or is open for three or more months, a competitor inventory is implied.
2-4. When to Apply: With few exceptions, agencies take applications for jobs only when announcements are open. The opening and closing dates are always shown on individual bulletins. Time to apply is limited to the period between the opening and closing dates, often as little as one week. One must also remember that under the competitor inventory system, agencies may sometimes have specific job opportunities available but not accept applications for them. The job advertisement, testing and application processing was possibly completed months beforehand. Consequently, individuals interested in Federal employment must become acutely aware of when and where job information is posted and how to access it. Also, when competitor inventories are used, substantial periods of time may sometimes pass before consideration for a real job opportunity is received by any applicant.
2-5. How to Get Information: The following are the most commonly used ways of getting current Federal job information:
a. State Job Service Offices: The most widely used, though sometimes inconvenient way to check for Federal job opportunities is through a nationwide computer network available free of charge at practically all State Job Service offices. Help on using the terminal is available for new users.
b. Internet: Another source of Federal job information is the Government's easily accessible worldwide web page. The URL address for this page is: http://www.usajobs.opm.gov. Vacancy announcements can be downloaded or printed from the Government's web site. The site also provides the means of applying immediately for some Federal jobs electronically.
2-6. Non-Competitive Opportunities: While competitive procedures outlined in paragraph 2-2 are used predominantly in appointing new Federal employees, there are exceptions. Veterans with at least a 30% disability, former Peace Corps or VISTA volunteers, physically handicapped persons, or veterans readjustment eligibles, can be appointed to Federal jobs without competing with anyone. Because of the technicalities involved, interested candidates from these groups should contact a Federal agency personnel office for specific details on how to apply. Below, however, is some general information about each of these programs.
a. 30% Disabled Veterans: Veterans discharged from the military service because of a service-connected disability who are receiving Veterans Administration compensation for a 30% or more disability may be non-competitively appointed to any position for which they qualify.
b. Former Peace Corps or VISTA Volunteers: Former U.S. citizen Peace Corps or VISTA volunteers may be non-competitively appointed to Federal jobs if they possess a certificate of satisfactory volunteer service totaling at least one year. Volunteer service may not have ended more than one year prior to appointment, unless extended by the agency for exceptional reasons such as school or military service. The maximum extension is two years.
c. Physically Handicapped Persons: Severely physically challenged individuals may be appointed to Federal positions without competing with anyone else. To qualify, a person must have a physical impairment that substantially limits one or more of their major life activities, e.g., deafness, blindness, distortion of limbs, or paralysis. Certification by a State Vocational Rehabilitation or Veteran's Administration counselor is required for appointment. Trial periods for handicapped appointments are at least two years. If performance is satisfactory, candidates may be converted to regular career-conditional appointments.
d. Veterans Readjustment Appointment (VRA): Federal agencies are allowed to non-competitively appoint veterans of the Vietnam era (August 5, 1964 to May 7, 1975), or veterans who served on active duty after the Vietnam era. Participants must be veterans of the Vietnam era who have service connected disabilities or who, during this era, served in active duty in the Armed Forces in a campaign or expedition for which a campaign badge was authorized; or be a veteran who served on active duty after the Vietnam era. Non-disabled veterans and post-Vietnam era veterans must have no more than 16 years of education at the time of appointment. There is no education restriction for disabled veterans who are entitled to disability compensation or whose discharge or release was for service connected disabilities. There is a 4-year eligibility time limit for these appointments beginning on the date of the veteran's last discharge or release from active duty. The veteran must also agree in writing to pursue training or an educational program unless he or she already has 15 or more years of education. While VRA appointments are not career-conditional, they may be changed to such appointments after two years.
Part 3. Qualifications
3-1. General: To qualify at the "entry level" for any Federal job covered in this handbook means to qualify for grade 5 of the general pay schedule, simply referred to as grade GS-5. All college graduates qualify at this level if they have the degree and/or coursework required for the particular job. No work experience is necessary.
3-2. Superior Academic Achievement: Graduates who meet the "superior academic achievement" criteria qualify for the same positions as other graduates, but at the GS-7 level. Additionally, these graduates are also eligible for non-competitive appointments in any agency to positions denoted with an asterisk (*) after the job title in Part 7. For example, Administrative Officer is one of the positions. If interested, direct contact with an agency recruiting official is appropriate. The qualifying academic achievement criteria, creditable at the undergraduate level only, are as follows:
a. Class Standing: Be in the upper one-third of the graduating class in the college, university, or major subdivision, such as the College of Liberal Arts or the School of Business Administration.
b. Grade Point Average: Have a grade-point average of: (1) 3.0 or higher out of a possible 4.0, computed based on four years of education, or on courses completed during the final two years of the curriculum; or (2) 3.5 or higher out of a possible 4.0 based on the average of required courses completed in the major field, or the required courses in the major field completed during the final two years of the curriculum.
c. Scholastic Honor Society: Have current membership in one of the following national scholastic honor societies: Alpha Chi, Alpha Delta Mu, Alpha Epsilon, Alpha Epsilon Delta, Alpha Kappa Delta, Alpha Kappa Mu, Alpha Omega Alpha, Alpha Phi Sigma, Alpha Pi Mu, Alpha Sigma Mu, Alpha Sigma Nu, Beta Gamma Sigma, Beta Kappa Chi, Beta Phi Mu, Chi Epsilon, Delta Epsilon Sigma, Delta Mu Delta, Delta Phi Delta, Delta Sigma Rho-Tau Kappa Alpha, Delta Tau Alpha, Eta Kappa Nu, Gamma Sigma Delta, Gamma Theta Upsilon, Iota Sigma Pi, Kappa Delta Pi, Kappa Gamma Pi, Kappa Mu Epsilon, Kappa Omicron Nu, Kappa Tau Alpha, Lambda Iota Tau, Mortar Board, National Collegiate Players, Omega Chi Epsilon, Omega Rho, Omicron Delta Epsilon, Omicron Delta Kappa, Omicron Kappa Epsilon, Order of the Coif, Phi Alpha Theta, Phi Beta Kappa, Phi Kappa Phi, Phi Sigma, Phi Sigma Iota, Phi Sigma Tau, Phi Upsilon Omicron, Pi Alpha Alpha, Pi Delta Phi, Pi Gamma Mu, Pi Kappa Lambda, Pi Mu Epsilon, Pi Omega Pi, Pi Sigma Alpha, Pi Tau Sigma, Psi Chi, Rho Chi, Sigma Delta Pi, Sigma Gamma Epsilon, Sigma Gamma Tau, Sigma Lambda Alpha, Sigma Lambda Chi, Sigma Pi Sigma, Sigma Tau Delta, Sigma Theta Tau, Sigma Xi, Tau Beta Pi, Tau Sigma Delta, Theta Alpha Kappa, Xi Sigma Pi.
Part 4. Pay
4-1. General. Pay rates for Federal jobs are usually compatible with those paid in private industry. Due to locality pay adjustments, actual pay differs by location. The correct pay for any job opportunity is always shown on the individual vacancy announcement. Click here for complete pay information for all parts of the country.
4-2. Pay Increases. Typically, this is how progression within this pay schedule works. If hired at the GS-5 or GS-7 level, an employee in any job covered in this handbook progress two grades a year up to GS-9, and probably GS-11. Pay will stay at Step 1 of each new grade. Usually after grade GS-11, no automatic annual promotions can be expected. Competition within agencies for higher level jobs starts at that point. If annual promotions are not received, employees progress to steps 2, 3, or 4 after one-year waiting periods; to steps 5, 6, or 7 after two-year waiting periods; and to steps 8, 9, and 10 after three-year waiting periods.
Part 5. How to Use This Handbook
5-1. Basic Steps to Follow: As was indicated before, the purpose of this handbook is to help college graduates quickly and easily identify Federal jobs for which they fully qualify based entirely on education. To illustrate how to use the handbook to do this, suppose your college major is Biology. Below are the four easy steps to follow:
Step 1. From the Table of Contents click on paragraph 6-2, Broad Fields of College Study, or scroll to paragraph 6-2 below. Click on the broad field of study that likely contains your major. Biology, of course, would be listed under Biological Science.
Step 2. When Biological Science and all majors under it appears on the screen, click on Biology. This will show a listing of all jobs that have biology in the qualification requirements. Click on each job to review the complete educational requirements in detail to verify that you have both the degree and the specific course work required for each one. Remember that you qualify for each job only if you have both the degree and the specifically required course work.
Step 3. Read the brief duties statement of each remaining job and further eliminate those of no interest to you.
Step 4. Choose the most convenient source of Federal job information, i.e., a local State Job Service Office or the Internet. For college graduates, this web site, Federal Jobs for College Graduates, is probably the best source to use. Check the selected source frequently for announcements.
Note: When verifying your qualifications for each job in step 2, note carefully the series code shown to the right of each job title. Since official titles of Federal jobs often vary, this code may be helpful in locating some opportunities. If you have all the indicated education for a particular job title, you usually qualify for any other job with the same series code, even if the title is different.
5-2. Locating Additional Jobs:
a. An Example: Because of the way Federal job qualification standards are written, locating all jobs that have a particular major in their educational requirements is somewhat more difficult than indicated above. To illustrate this point, suppose again that your major is Biology. In Step 1 above you click on Biological Science and find Biology, then identify the eight applicable jobs for that degree. You then check all the course work requirements and verify that you qualify for three of the eight jobs listed.
If dependent entirely on the four basic steps listed above, your job search would now be over. You are, however, far from finished. Note that at Step 2 above, Biological Science appears not only as a broad field of college study but also as a specific major. Biology then, as a subfield of Biological Science, meets the initial major requirement for all of the 19 jobs listed under the major, Biological Science. But, Biology is also a Life Science and a Natural Science, both fields of which appear as subfields under Science (General), another of the broad fields of study you see at Step 1. Not only that, but Biology is also a Science (General) which also appears as a specific degree just like Biological Science.
This means that a graduate with a degree in biology should check the eight jobs listed under Biology, the 19 other jobs listed under Biological Science, the four Life Science jobs, the four Natural Science jobs, and the eight Science (General) jobs, or a total of 43 instead of the original eight that required a degree in biology. You can then add to this list the 76 jobs, enumerated in Appendix A, that have a bachelor's degree in any field as the only educational requirement. There may still be other jobs if, for example, your degree is in education. The point is, you must search diligently for all options.
b. Not All Jobs are of Interest: Admittedly, most biologists would have little interest in some of the jobs identified through this process, particularly those that have nothing more than a general degree requirement. But the purpose of this handbook is to allow each biologist, or anyone else for that matter, to make that personal choice.
c. Principle Applies to All Degrees: Obviously, the search process applies not only to Biology, but to any college degree. Job identification is simply a matter of finding the educational field, or fields, where a particular major fits and checking all the possibilities.
5-3. When Degrees Are Not Listed: In some instances a particular degree may not be found in the Part 4 outline. If not, search secondarily for a broader field of study that would contain the major. If no broader field exists, which is very doubtful, you still qualify for the 76 jobs listed in Appendix A.
Part 6. Fields of College Study and Related Jobs
6-1. Broad Fields of Study: The broad educational fields listed below are for convenience in locating specific college majors. Some majors will appear in more than one of the educational groups. To display majors listed in a broad field of study just point and click on the particular broad field.
Agriculture
Applied Arts
Applied Sciences
Biological Science
Business
Communications
Education
Engineering
Humanities
Industry and Production
Law
Mathematics and Statistics
Medical and Health Sciences
Natural Resource Management
Physical Science
Public Services
Science (General)
Social Science
Technology
6-2. Majors Within Broad Fields of Study
Agriculture
Agricultural Business
Agricultural Economics
Agricultural Management
Agricultural Resource Management
Agricultural Science
Agronomy
Animal Husbandry
Animal Science
Crop Science
Dairy Husbandry
Dairy Science
Dairy Technology
Farm Management
General Agriculture
Horticulture
Livestock Management
Non-ornimental Horticulture
Plant Science
Poultry Husbandry
Poultry Science
Ranch Management
Soil Conservation
Soil Science
Applied Arts
Architecture
Art Therapy
Clothing Design
Commercial Art
Dance Therapy
Drafting
Foreign Language
Graphic Arts
Graphic Design
Illustrative Design
Industrial Arts
Industrial Design
Interior Architecture
Interior Design
Interior Environmental Design
Landscape Architecture
Landscape Design
Music Therapy
Photography
Product Design
Psychodrama
Tailoring
Applied Sciences
Aviation
Building Construction
Cartography
Computer Science
Construction Management
Electronics
Geodetic Surveying
Hazardous Materials Management
Home Economics
Information System Management
Land Surveying
Metallurgy
Motor Mechanics
Navigation
Operations Research
Photogrammetry
Printing
Surveying
Telecommunications Management
Textiles
Wood Utilization
Biological Science
Anatomy
Biology
Botany
Ecology
Entomology
Fishery Biology
Genetics
Horticulture
Microbiology
Non-ornimental Horticulture
Physiology
Plant Pathology
Plant Physiology
Plant Science
Toxicology
Wildlife Biology
Zoology
Business
Accounting
Agricultural Business
Auditing
Banking
Business Administration
Commerce
Finance
Financial Management
Food Service Management
Hospital Administration
Hotel Administration
Industrial Relations
Institution Management
Institutional Administration
Insurance
International Trade
Marketing
Medical Records Administration
Occupational Safety
Personnel Administration
Property Management
Public Administration
Public Health Administration
Real Estate Operations
Sanitary Administration
Communications
Journalism
Motion Picture Production
Radio or Television Production
Visual Communications
Education
Agricultural Education
Art Teacher Education
Educational Counseling
Guidance and Counseling
Industrial Education
Physical Education
Engineering
Agricultural Engineering
Civil Engineering
Electrical Engineering
Electronics Engineering
Industrial Engineering
Mechanical Engineering
Metallurgical Engineering
Mining Engineering
Printing Engineering
Sanitary Engineering
Humanities
Art
Dance
Drama
English (from a foreign university)
English Composition
Fine Arts
Foreign Language
Interpreting
Language
Music
Studio Arts
Theater
Translating
Industry and Production
Clothing Production
Industrial Management
Industrial Relations
Industrial Safety
Industrial Techniques, Methods and Practices
Industrial Training
Labor Relations
Occupational Safety
Production Management
Quality Assurance
Safety
Law
Banking Law
Business Law
Commercial Law
International Law
Labor Law
Mathematics and Statistics
Actuarial Science
Mathematics
Statistics
Medical and Health Sciences
Anatomy
Art Therapy
Audiology
Corrective Therapy
Dance Therapy
Dental Hygiene
Dental Medicine
Dental Surgery
Dietetics
Epidemiology
Food
Food Processing
Hospital Administration
Industrial Hygiene
Institutional Sanitation
Manual Arts Therapy
Medical Records Administration
Medical Science
Medicine
Music Therapy
Nursing
Nutrition
Occupational Health
Occupational Therapy
Optometry
Orthotics
Pharmacy
Physical Therapy
Physician's Assistant Program
Prosthetics
Psychodrama
Public Health
Public Health Administration
Recreation Therapy
Sanitary Administration
Sanitary Science
Speech Pathology
Veterinary Science
Natural Resource Management
Fishery Biology
Forestry
Natural Resources Recreation
Range Management
Wild Land Recreation Management
Wildlife Management
Physical Science
Astronomy
Atmospheric Science
Chemistry
Earth Science
Electronics
Geodesy
Geology
Geophysics
Meteorology
Oceanography
Physics
Space Science
Public Services
Community Planning
Community Recreation
Correctional Administration
Criminal Justice
Criminology
General Recreation
Institution Management
Institutional Administration
Law Enforcement
Library Science
Museum Sciences
Outdoor Recreation
Outdoor Recreation Planning
Park Administration
Park and Recreation Management
Planning
Police Administration
Police Science
Public Administration
Public Affairs
Public Health Administration
Public Recreation
Public Utilities
Recreation
Recreation and Parks Leadership
Safety
Special Populations Recreation
Traffic Management
Transportation
Urban Planning
Urban Recreation
Vocational Counseling
Vocational Evaluation
Vocational Rehabilitation
Vocational Work Adjustment
Youth Recreation
Science (General)
Behavioral Science
Life Science
Natural Science
Social Science
Agricultural Economics
Anthropology
Anthropometry
Archeology
Community Planning
Criminal Justice
Criminology
Cultural Anthropology
Economics
Geography
Government
History
Human Factors
International Relations
Labor Economics
Labor Relations
Political Science
Psychodrama
Psychology
Rural Sociology
Social Anthropology
Social Psychology
Social Work
Sociology
Urban Affairs
Urban Planning
Urban Studies
Vocational Counseling
Vocational Evaluation
Vocational Rehabilitation
Vocational Work Adjustment
Technology
Cotton Technology
Dairy Technology
Engineering Technology
Fiber Technology
Food Technology
Industrial Arts Technology
Medical Technology
Textile Technology
Wood Technology
6-3. Specific Majors and Related Jobs
Agriculture
Agricultural Commodity Grader (Grain)
Agricultural Extension Agent
Biologist
Crop Insurance Underwriter
Financial Analyst
Fish and Wildlife Specialist
Food Inspector
Grain Marketing Specialist
Insurance Examiner
Loan Specialist
Plant Protection and Quarantine Officer
Other Options - Jobs for any Degree
Agricultural Business
Agricultural Management Specialist
Agricultural Program Specialist
Grain Marketing Specialist
Other Options - Jobs for any Degree
Agricultural Economics
Agricultural Extension Agent
Agricultural Management Specialist
Agricultural Program Specialist
Commissary Management Specialist
Crop Insurance Field Representative
Crop Insurance Specialist
Crop Insurance Underwriter
Financial Analyst
Grain Marketing Specialist
Insurance Examiner
Loan Specialist
Warehouse Examiner
Other Options - Jobs for any Degree
Agricultural Management
Agricultural Management Specialist
Agricultural Program Specialist
Crop Insurance Field Representative
Crop Insurance Specialist
Crop Insurance Underwriter
Other Options - Jobs for any Degree
Agricultural Resource Management
Agricultural Management Specialist
Other Options - Jobs for any Degree
Agricultural Science
Agricultural Program Specialist
Consumer Safety Inspector
Sanitarian
Other Options - Jobs for any Degree
Agronomy
Agricultural Commodity Grader (Grain)
Agricultural Management Specialist
Agricultural Program Specialist
Agronomist
Crop Insurance Field Representative
Crop Insurance Specialist
Crop Insurance Underwriter
Grain Marketing Specialist
Plant Protection and Quarantine Officer
Soil Conservationist
Warehouse Examiner
Other Options - Jobs for any Degree
Animal Husbandry
Agricultural Management Specialist
Agricultural Program Specialist
Other Options - Jobs for any Degree
Animal Science
Agricultural Extension Agent
Agricultural Program Specialist
Animal Scientist
Dairy Scientist
Physiologist
Poultry Scientist
Zoologist
Other Options - Jobs for any Degree
Crop Science
Agricultural Management Specialist
Agricultural Program Specialist
Other Options - Jobs for any Degree
Dairy Husbandry
Agricultural Management Specialist
Agricultural Program Specialist
Other Options - Jobs for any Degree
Dairy Science
Agricultural Program Specialist
Animal Scientist
Dairy Scientist
Poultry Scientist
Other Options - Jobs for any Degree
Dairy Technology
Food Technologist
Other Options - Jobs for any Degree
Farm Management
Agricultural Management Specialist
Agricultural Program Specialist
Financial Analyst
Insurance Examiner
Loan Specialist
Other Options - Jobs for any Degree
General Agriculture
Agricultural Management Specialist
Agricultural Program Specialist
Other Options - Jobs for any Degree
Horticulture
Crop Insurance Underwriter
Grain Marketing Specialist
Horticulturist
Plant Protection and Quarantine Officer
Other Options - Jobs for any Degree
Livestock Management
Agricultural Management Specialist
Agricultural Program Specialist
Financial Analyst
Insurance Examiner
Loan Specialist
Other Options - Jobs for any Degree
Non-ornimental Horticulture
Agricultural Management Specialist
Other Options - Jobs for any Degree
Plant Science
Agricultural Extension Agent
Agronomist
Botanist
Horticulturist
Plant Pathologist
Plant Physiologist
Other Options - Jobs for any Degree
Poultry Husbandry
Agricultural Management Specialist
Agricultural Program Specialist
Animal Scientist
Other Options - Jobs for any Degree
Poultry Science
Agricultural Program Specialist
Animal Scientist
Dairy Scientist
Poultry Scientist
Other Options - Jobs for any Degree
Ranch Management
Agricultural Management Specialist
Agricultural Program Specialist
Financial Analyst
Insurance Examiner
Loan Specialist
Other Options - Jobs for any Degree
Soil Conservation
Soil Conservationist
Soil Scientist
Other Options - Jobs for any Degree
Soil Science
Agricultural Extension Agent
Agricultural Program Specialist
Crop Insurance Field Representative
Crop Insurance Specialist
Crop Insurance Underwriter
Plant Protection and Quarantine Officer
Soil Conservationist
Soil Scientist
Other Options - Jobs for any Degree
Applied Arts
Art Specialist
Design Patent Examiner
Other Options - Jobs for any Degree
Architecture
Architect
Community Planner
Construction Analyst
Design Patent Examiner
Illustrator
Other Options - Jobs for any Degree
Art Therapy
Creative Arts Therapist (Art)
Other Options - Jobs for any Degree
Clothing Design
Clothing Designer
Other Options - Jobs for any Degree
Commercial Art
Illustrator
Printing Specialist
Other Options - Jobs for any Degree
Dance Therapy
Creative Arts Therapist (Dance)
Other Options - Jobs for any Degree
Drafting
Illustrator
Other Options - Jobs for any Degree
Foreign Language
Treasury Enforcement Agent
Other Options - Jobs for any Degree
Graphic Arts
Document Analyst
Printing Specialist
Other Options - Jobs for any Degree
Graphic Design
Design Patent Examiner
Other Options - Jobs for any Degree
Illustrative Design
Illustrator
Other Options - Jobs for any Degree
Industrial Arts
Facilities Management Specialist
Other Options - Jobs for any Degree
Industrial Design
Design Patent Examiner
Illustrator
Other Options - Jobs for any Degree
Interior Architecture
Interior Designer
Other Options - Jobs for any Degree
Interior Design
Illustrator
Interior Designer
Other Options - Jobs for any Degree
Interior Environmental Design
Interior Designer
Other Options - Jobs for any Degree
Landscape Architecture
Community Planner
Landscape Architect
Outdoor Recreation Planner
Other Options - Jobs for any Degree
Landscape Design
Landscape Architect
Other Options - Jobs for any Degree
Music Therapy
Creative Arts Therapist (Music)
Other Options - Jobs for any Degree
Photography
Audio Visual Production Specialist
Photographer
Other Options - Jobs for any Degree
Product Design
Design Patent Examiner
Other Options - Jobs for any Degree
Psychodrama
Creative Arts Therapist (Psychodrama)
Other Options - Jobs for any Degree
Tailoring
Clothing Designer
Other Options - Jobs for any Degree
Applied Sciences
Industrial Specialist
Other Options - Jobs for any Degree
Aviation
Air Safety Investigator
Other Options - Jobs for any Degree
Building Construction
Coal Mine Safety and Health Inspector
Construction Analyst
Mine Safety and Health Inspector
Other Options - Jobs for any Degree
Cartography
Aeronautical Information Specialist
Cartographer
Geographer
Marine Information Specialist
Other Options - Jobs for any Degree
Computer Science
Cartographer
Computer Scientist
Geographer
Quality Assurance Specialist
Telecommunications Specialist
Treasury Enforcement Agent
Other Options - Jobs for any Degree
Construction Management
Coal Mine Safety and Health Inspector
Mine Safety and Health Inspector
Other Options - Jobs for any Degree
Electronics
Astronomer
Geophysicist
Railroad Safety Inspector
Space Scientist
Other Options - Jobs for any Degree
Geodetic Surveying
Cartographer
Geodesist
Other Options - Jobs for any Degree
Hazardous Materials Management
Highway Safety Specialist
Other Options - Jobs for any Degree
Home Economics
Agricultural Extension Agent
Consumer Safety Inspector
Home Economist
Other Options - Jobs for any Degree
Information System Management
Telecommunications Specialist
Other Options - Jobs for any Degree
Land Surveying
Cartographer
Land Surveyor
Other Options - Jobs for any Degree
Metallurgy
Metallurgist
Other Options - Jobs for any Degree
Motor Mechanics
Highway Safety Specialist
Marine Cargo Specialist
Motor Carrier Safety Specialist
Traffic Management Specialist
Transportation Industry Analyst
Transportation Operation Specialist
Other Options - Jobs for any Degree
Navigation
Aeronautical Information Specialist
Marine Information Specialist
Other Options - Jobs for any Degree
Operations Research
Operations Research Analyst
Other Options - Jobs for any Degree
Photogrammetry
Geodesist
Other Options - Jobs for any Degree
Printing
Printing Specialist
Other Options - Jobs for any Degree
Surveying
Geodesist
Other Options - Jobs for any Degree
Telecommunications Management
Telecommunications Specialist
Other Options - Jobs for any Degree
Textiles
Quality Assurance Specialist
Other Options - Jobs for any Degree
Wood Utilization
Forest Products Technologist
Other Options - Jobs for any Degree
Biological Science
Agricultural Extension Agent
Biologist
Consumer Safety Inspector
Consumer Safety Specialist
Document Analyst
Entomologist
Fish and Wildlife Specialist
Fishery Biologist
Food Technologist
Forest Products Technologist
Geneticist
Hospital Housekeeping Program Specialist
Outdoor Recreation Planner
Pharmacologist
Plant Protection and Quarantine Officer
Quarantine Inspector
Sanitarian
Toxicologist
Wildlife Biologist
Other Options - Jobs for any Degree
Anatomy
Clothing Designer
Other Options - Jobs for any Degree
Biology
Ecologist
Fiber Technologist
Food Inspector
Health Physicist
Medical Technologist
Microbiologist
Oceanographer
Wildlife Refuse Manager
Other Options - Jobs for any Degree
Botany
Agricultural Commodity Grader (Grain)
Botanist
Grain Marketing Specialist
Plant Pathologist
Plant Physiologist
Plant Protection and Quarantine Officer
Other Options - Jobs for any Degree
Ecology
Ecologist
Other Options - Jobs for any Degree
Entomology
Agricultural Extension Agent
Entomologist
Plant Protection and Quarantine Officer
Other Options - Jobs for any Degree
Fishery Biology
Fishery Biologist
Other Options - Jobs for any Degree
Genetics
Geneticist
Other Options - Jobs for any Degree
Horticulture
Crop Insurance Underwriter
Grain Marketing Specialist
Horticulturist
Plant Protection and Quarantine Officer
Other Options - Jobs for any Degree
Microbiology
Food Technologist
Microbiologist
Sanitarian
Other Options - Jobs for any Degree
Non-ornimental Horticulture
Agricultural Management Specialist
Other Options - Jobs for any Degree
Physiology
Clothing Designer
Physiologist
Toxicologist
Other Options - Jobs for any Degree
Plant Pathology
Plant Pathologist
Plant Protection and Quarantine Officer
Other Options - Jobs for any Degree
Plant Physiology
Plant Physiologist
Other Options - Jobs for any Degree
Plant Science
Agricultural Extension Agent
Agronomist
Botanist
Horticulturist
Plant Pathologist
Plant Physiologist
Other Options - Jobs for any Degree
Toxicology
Toxicologist
Other Options - Jobs for any Degree
Wildlife Biology
Wildlife Biologist
Other Options - Jobs for any Degree
Zoology
Food Inspector
Wildlife Refuse Manager
Zoologist
Other Options - Jobs for any Degree
Business
Agricultural Management Specialist
Securities Compliance Examiner
Other Options - Jobs for any Degree
Accounting
Accountant
Agricultural Management Specialist
Auditor
Bank Examiner
Farm Credit Examiner
Financial Analyst
Financial Institution Examiner
Grain Marketing Specialist
Highway Safety Specialist
Industrial Property Management Specialist
Insurance Examiner
Internal Revenue Agent
Investment Company Examiner
IRS Special Agent
Labor Management Relations Examiner
Loan Specialist
Marine Cargo Specialist
Motor Carrier Safety Specialist
Printing Specialist
Savings and Loan Examiner
Tax Law Specialist
Traffic Management Specialist
Transportation Industry Analyst
Transportation Operation Specialist
Other Options - Jobs for any Degree
Agricultural Business
Agricultural Management Specialist
Agricultural Program Specialist
Grain Marketing Specialist
Other Options - Jobs for any Degree
Auditing
Internal Revenue Agent
IRS Special Agent
Other Options - Jobs for any Degree
Banking
Bank Examiner
Farm Credit Examiner
Financial Analyst
Financial Institution Examiner
Insurance Examiner
Investment Company Examiner
Loan Specialist
Savings and Loan Examiner
Other Options - Jobs for any Degree
Business Administration
Accountant
Agricultural Program Specialist
Auditor
Bank Examiner
Commissary Management Specialist
Facilities Management Specialist
Farm Credit Examiner
Financial Analyst
Financial Institution Examiner
Grain Marketing Specialist
Health System Specialist
Highway Safety Specialist
Hospital Housekeeping Program Specialist
Industrial Property Management Specialist
Industrial Specialist
Insurance Examiner
Internal Revenue Agent
Investment Company Examiner
IRS Special Agent
Labor Management Relations Examiner
Loan Specialist
Marine Cargo Specialist
Motor Carrier Safety Specialist
Park Ranger
Printing Specialist
Savings and Loan Examiner
Tax Law Specialist
Telecommunications Specialist
Trade Specialist
Traffic Management Specialist
Transportation Industry Analyst
Transportation Operation Specialist
Treasury Enforcement Agent
Other Options - Jobs for any Degree
Commerce
Grain Marketing Specialist
Highway Safety Specialist
Marine Cargo Specialist
Motor Carrier Safety Specialist
Printing Specialist
Traffic Management Specialist
Transportation Industry Analyst
Transportation Operation Specialist
Other Options - Jobs for any Degree
Finance
Accountant
Agricultural Management Specialist
Auditor
Bank Examiner
Farm Credit Examiner
Financial Institution Examiner
Financial Institution Examiner
Highway Safety Specialist
Insurance Examiner
Internal Revenue Agent
Investment Company Examiner
Loan Specialist
Marine Cargo Specialist
Motor Carrier Safety Specialist
Savings and Loan Examiner
Tax Law Specialist
Trade Specialist
Traffic Management Specialist
Transportation Industry Analyst
Transportation Operation Specialist
Other Options - Jobs for any Degree
Financial Management
Agricultural Management Specialist
Other Options - Jobs for any Degree
Food Service Management
Dietitian
Nutritionist
Other Options - Jobs for any Degree
Hospital Administration
Health System Specialist
Hospital Housekeeping Program Specialist
Other Options - Jobs for any Degree
Hotel Administration
Hospital Housekeeping Program Specialist
Other Options - Jobs for any Degree
Industrial Relations
Apprenticeship and Training Representative
Labor Management Relations Examiner
Unemployment Insurance Specialist
Other Options - Jobs for any Degree
Institution Management
Dietitian
Nutritionist
Other Options - Jobs for any Degree
Institutional Administration
Hospital Housekeeping Program Specialist
Other Options - Jobs for any Degree
Insurance
Financial Analyst
Insurance Examiner
Loan Specialist
Other Options - Jobs for any Degree
International Trade
Trade Specialist
Other Options - Jobs for any Degree
Marketing
Agricultural Program Specialist
Bank Examiner
Farm Credit Examiner
Financial Institution Examiner
Grain Marketing Specialist
Industrial Property Management Specialist
Investment Company Examiner
Savings and Loan Examiner
Trade Specialist
Other Options - Jobs for any Degree
Medical Records Administration
Medical Record Librarian
Other Options - Jobs for any Degree
Occupational Safety
Railroad Safety Inspector
Other Options - Jobs for any Degree
Personnel Administration
Labor Management Relations Examiner
Other Options - Jobs for any Degree
Property Management
Facilities Management Specialist
Other Options - Jobs for any Degree
Public Administration
Accountant
Auditor
Commissary Management Specialist
Community Planner
Health System Specialist
Highway Safety Specialist
Hospital Housekeeping Program Specialist
Internal Revenue Agent
Park Ranger
Trade Specialist
Unemployment Insurance Specialist
Other Options - Jobs for any Degree
Public Health Administration
Health System Specialist
Other Options - Jobs for any Degree
Real Estate Operations
Financial Analyst
Insurance Examiner
Loan Specialist
Other Options - Jobs for any Degree
Sanitary Administration
Hospital Housekeeping Program Specialist
Other Options - Jobs for any Degree
Communications
Journalism
Printing Specialist
Other Options - Jobs for any Degree
Motion Picture Production
Audio Visual Production Specialist
Other Options - Jobs for any Degree
Radio or Television Production
Audio Visual Production Specialist
Other Options - Jobs for any Degree
Visual Communications
Illustrator
Other Options - Jobs for any Degree
Education
Education Program Specialist
Education Research Analyst
Education Services Specialist
Educational Therapist
Guidance Counselor
Instructional Systems Specialist
Teacher
Training Instructor
Training Specialist
Other Options - Jobs for any Degree
Agricultural Education
Agricultural Management Specialist
Soil Conservationist
Warehouse Examiner
Other Options - Jobs for any Degree
Art Teacher Education
Design Patent Examiner
Other Options - Jobs for any Degree
Educational Counseling
Vocational Rehabilitation Specialist
Other Options - Jobs for any Degree
Guidance and Counseling
Guidance Counselor
Other Options - Jobs for any Degree
Industrial Education
Manual Arts Therapist
Other Options - Jobs for any Degree
Physical Education
Corrective Therapist
Recreation Specialist
Sports Specialist
Other Options - Jobs for any Degree
Engineering
Aeronautical Information Specialist
Aerospace Engineer
Agricultural Engineer
Air Safety Investigator
Biomedical Engineer
Ceramic Engineer
Chemical Engineer
Chemist
Civil Engineer
Community Planner
Computer Engineer
Construction Analyst
Consumer Safety Inspector
Consumer Safety Specialist
Electrical Engineer
Electronics Engineer
Environmental Engineer
Facilities Management Specialist
Financial Analyst
Fire Prevention Engineer
Forest Products Technologist
General Engineer
Geodesist
Geophysicist
Health Physicist
Highway Safety Specialist
Hydrologist
Industrial Engineer
Industrial Hygienist
Industrial Specialist
Insurance Examiner
Loan Specialist
Marine Cargo Specialist
Marine Information Specialist
Materials Engineer
Mechanical Engineer
Mining Engineer
Motor Carrier Safety Specialist
Naval Architect
Nuclear Engineer
Oceanographer
Patent Advisor
Patent Classifier
Patent Examiner
Petroleum Engineer
Photographic Technologist
Physical Scientist
Quality Assurance Specialist
Railroad Safety Inspector
Safety and Occupational Health Specialist
Safety Engineer
Traffic Management Specialist
Transportation Industry Analyst
Transportation Operation Specialist
Welding Engineer
Other Options - Jobs for any Degree
Agricultural Engineering
Agricultural Management Specialist
Soil Conservationist
Warehouse Examiner
Other Options - Jobs for any Degree
Civil Engineering
Coal Mine Safety and Health Inspector
Land Surveyor
Mine Safety and Health Inspector
Outdoor Recreation Planner
Other Options - Jobs for any Degree
Electrical Engineering
Coal Mine Safety and Health Inspector
Cotton Technologist
Mine Safety and Health Inspector
Telecommunications Specialist
Other Options - Jobs for any Degree
Electronics Engineering
Telecommunications Specialist
Other Options - Jobs for any Degree
Industrial Engineering
Printing Specialist
Other Options - Jobs for any Degree
Mechanical Engineering
Coal Mine Safety and Health Inspector
Cotton Technologist
Mine Safety and Health Inspector
Other Options - Jobs for any Degree
Metallurgical Engineering
Metallurgist
Other Options - Jobs for any Degree
Mining Engineering
Coal Mine Safety and Health Inspector
Mine Safety and Health Inspector
Other Options - Jobs for any Degree
Printing Engineering
Printing Specialist
Other Options - Jobs for any Degree
Sanitary Engineering
Quarantine Inspector
Other Options - Jobs for any Degree
Humanities
Foreign Affairs Specialist
International Relations Specialist
Other Options - Jobs for any Degree
Art
Creative Arts Therapist (Art)
Museum Specialist
Other Options - Jobs for any Degree
Dance
Creative Arts Therapist (Dance)
Other Options - Jobs for any Degree
Drama
Theater Specialist
Other Options - Jobs for any Degree
English (from a foreign university)
Language Specialist
Other Options - Jobs for any Degree
English Composition
Printing Specialist
Other Options - Jobs for any Degree
Fine Arts
Art Specialist
Design Patent Examiner
Illustrator
Other Options - Jobs for any Degree
Foreign Language
Language Specialist
Other Options - Jobs for any Degree
Interpreting
Language Specialist
Other Options - Jobs for any Degree
Language
Treasury Enforcement Agent
Other Options - Jobs for any Degree
Music
Creative Arts Therapist (Music)
Other Options - Jobs for any Degree
Studio Arts
Design Patent Examiner
Other Options - Jobs for any Degree
Theater
Theater Specialist
Other Options - Jobs for any Degree
Translating
Language Specialist
Other Options - Jobs for any Degree
Industry and Production
Clothing Production
Clothing Designer
Other Options - Jobs for any Degree
Industrial Management
Highway Safety Specialist
Industrial Property Management Specialist
Industrial Specialist
Marine Cargo Specialist
Motor Carrier Safety Specialist
Quality Assurance Specialist
Telecommunications Specialist
Traffic Management Specialist
Transportation Industry Analyst
Transportation Operation Specialist
Other Options - Jobs for any Degree
Industrial Relations
Apprenticeship and Training Representative
Labor Management Relations Examiner
Unemployment Insurance Specialist
Other Options - Jobs for any Degree
Industrial Safety
Railroad Safety Inspector Other Options - Jobs for any Degree
Industrial Techniques, Methods and Practices
Apprenticeship and Training Representative
Other Options - Jobs for any Degree
Industrial Training
Apprenticeship and Training Representative
Other Options - Jobs for any Degree
Labor Relations
Labor Management Relations Examiner
Other Options - Jobs for any Degree
Occupational Safety
Railroad Safety Inspector
Other Options - Jobs for any Degree
Production Management
Industrial Property Management Specialist
Quality Assurance Specialist
Other Options - Jobs for any Degree
Quality Assurance
Agricultural Commodity Grader (Grain)
Quality Assurance Specialist
Other Options - Jobs for any Degree
Safety
Air Safety Investigator
Coal Mine Safety and Health Inspector
Mine Safety and Health Inspector
Safety and Occupational Health Specialist
Other Options - Jobs for any Degree
Law
Attorney
Document Analyst
Financial Analyst
Foreign Affairs Specialist
Industrial Property Management Specialist
Insurance Examiner
International Relations Specialist
Labor Management Relations Examiner
Loan Specialist
Patent Attorney
Tax Law Specialist
Treasury Enforcement Agent
Unemployment Insurance Specialist
Other Options - Jobs for any Degree
Banking Law
Bank Examiner
Farm Credit Examiner
Financial Institution Examiner
Investment Company Examiner
Savings and Loan Examiner
Other Options - Jobs for any Degree
Business Law
Highway Safety Specialist
Marine Cargo Specialist
Motor Carrier Safety Specialist
Trade Specialist
Traffic Management Specialist
Transportation Industry Analyst
Transportation Operation Specialist
Other Options - Jobs for any Degree
Commercial Law
Bank Examiner
Farm Credit Examiner
Financial Institution Examiner
Highway Safety Specialist
Investment Company Examiner
Marine Cargo Specialist
Motor Carrier Safety Specialist
Savings and Loan Examiner
Trade Specialist
Traffic Management Specialist
Transportation Industry Analyst
Transportation Operation Specialist
Other Options - Jobs for any Degree
International Law
Foreign Affairs Specialist
International Relations Specialist
Other Options - Jobs for any Degree
Labor Law
Labor Management Relations Examiner
Other Options - Jobs for any Degree
Mathematics and Statistics
Actuarial Science
Actuary
Other Options - Jobs for any Degree
Mathematics
Actuary
Aeronautical Information Specialist
Air Safety Investigator
Astronomer
Coal Mine Safety and Health Inspector
Computer Scientist
Financial Analyst
Forest Products Technologist
Geodesist
Geophysicist
Grain Marketing Specialist
Insurance Examiner
Loan Specialist
Marine Information Specialist
Mathematical Statistician
Mathematician
Mine Safety and Health Inspector
Oceanographer
Operations Research Analyst
Physical Scientist
Quality Assurance Specialist
Space Scientist
Statistician
Telecommunications Specialist
Other Options - Jobs for any Degree
Statistics
Actuary
Computer Scientist
Financial Analyst
Foreign Affairs Specialist
Geographer
Grain Marketing Specialist
Highway Safety Specialist
Industrial Property Management Specialist
Insurance Examiner
International Relations Specialist
Loan Specialist
Marine Cargo Specialist
Mathematical Statistician
Motor Carrier Safety Specialist
Operations Research Analyst
Quality Assurance Specialist
Statistician
Telecommunications Specialist
Traffic Management Specialist
Transportation Industry Analyst
Transportation Operation Specialist
Other Options - Jobs for any Degree
Medical and Health Sciences
Anatomy
Clothing Designer
Other Options - Jobs for any Degree
Art Therapy
Creative Arts Therapist (Art)
Other Options - Jobs for any Degree
Audiology
Audiologist
Other Options - Jobs for any Degree
Corrective Therapy
Corrective Therapist
Other Options - Jobs for any Degree
Dance Therapy
Creative Arts Therapist (Dance)
Other Options - Jobs for any Degree
Dental Hygiene
Dental Hygienist
Other Options - Jobs for any Degree
Dental Medicine
Dental Officer
Other Options - Jobs for any Degree
Dental Surgery
Dental Officer
Other Options - Jobs for any Degree
Dietetics
Agricultural Commodity Grader (Grain)
Dietitian
Nutritionist
Other Options - Jobs for any Degree
Epidemiology
Consumer Safety Inspector
Consumer Safety Specialist
Other Options - Jobs for any Degree
Food
Agricultural Commodity Grader (Grain)
Dietitian
Grain Marketing Specialist
Nutritionist
Other Options - Jobs for any Degree
Food Processing
Agricultural Commodity Grader (Grain)
Grain Marketing Specialist
Other Options - Jobs for any Degree
Hospital Administration
Health System Specialist
Hospital Housekeeping Program Specialist
Other Options - Jobs for any Degree
Industrial Hygiene
Coal Mine Safety and Health Inspector
Industrial Hygienist
Mine Safety and Health Inspector
Safety and Occupational Health Specialist
Other Options - Jobs for any Degree
Institutional Sanitation
Hospital Housekeeping Program Specialist
Other Options - Jobs for any Degree
Manual Arts Therapy
Manual Arts Therapist
Other Options - Jobs for any Degree
Medical Records Administration
Medical Record Librarian
Other Options - Jobs for any Degree
Medical Science
Consumer Safety Specialist
Microbiologist
Pharmacologist
Toxicologist
Other Options - Jobs for any Degree
Medicine
Medical Officer
Other Options - Jobs for any Degree
Music Therapy
Creative Arts Therapist (Music)
Other Options - Jobs for any Degree
Nursing
Nurse
Other Options - Jobs for any Degree
Nutrition
Agricultural Commodity Grader (Grain)
Consumer Safety Inspector
Consumer Safety Specialist
Dietitian
Nutritionist
Other Options - Jobs for any Degree
Occupational Health
Safety and Occupational Health Specialist
Other Options - Jobs for any Degree
Occupational Therapy
Educational Therapist
Occupational Therapist
Other Options - Jobs for any Degree
Optometry
Optometrist
Other Options - Jobs for any Degree
Orthotics
Orthotist
Prosthetist
Other Options - Jobs for any Degree
Pharmacy
Consumer Safety Inspector
Consumer Safety Specialist
Pharmacist
Pharmacologist
Other Options - Jobs for any Degree
Physical Therapy
Corrective Therapist
Physical Therapist
Other Options - Jobs for any Degree
Physician's Assistant Program
Physician's Assistant
Other Options - Jobs for any Degree
Prosthetics
Orthotist
Prosthetist
Other Options - Jobs for any Degree
Psychodrama
Creative Arts Therapist (Psychodrama)
Other Options - Jobs for any Degree
Public Health
Quarantine Inspector
Sanitarian
Other Options - Jobs for any Degree
Public Health Administration
Health System Specialist
Other Options - Jobs for any Degree
Recreation Therapy
Recreation Therapist
Other Options - Jobs for any Degree
Sanitary Administration
Hospital Housekeeping Program Specialist
Other Options - Jobs for any Degree
Sanitary Science
Hospital Housekeeping Program Specialist
Sanitarian
Other Options - Jobs for any Degree
Speech Pathology
Speech Pathologist
Other Options - Jobs for any Degree
Veterinary Science
Consumer Safety Specialist
Food Inspector
Pharmacologist
Toxicologist
Veterinary Medical Officer
Other Options - Jobs for any Degree
Natural Resource Management
Biologist
Fish and Wildlife Specialist
Forester
Outdoor Recreation Planner
Park Ranger
Rangeland Management Specialist
Other Options - Jobs for any Degree
Fishery Biology
Fishery Biologist
Other Options - Jobs for any Degree
Forestry
Forest Products Technologist
Forester
Outdoor Recreation Planner
Plant Protection and Quarantine Officer
Soil Conservationist
Other Options - Jobs for any Degree
Natural Resources Recreation
Recreation Specialist
Other Options - Jobs for any Degree
Range Management
Rangeland Management Specialist
Other Options - Jobs for any Degree
Wild Land Recreation Management
Recreation Specialist
Other Options - Jobs for any Degree
Wildlife Management
Wildlife Biologist
Wildlife Refuse Manager
Other Options - Jobs for any Degree
Physical Science
Air Safety Investigator
Chemist
Coal Mine Safety and Health Inspector
Consumer Safety Inspector
Consumer Safety Specialist
Document Analyst
Entomologist
Food Technologist
Geographer
Geophysicist
Hydrologist
Industrial Hygienist
Mine Safety and Health Inspector
Pharmacologist
Physical Scientist
Quality Assurance Specialist
Quarantine Inspector
Sanitarian
Other Options - Jobs for any Degree
Astronomy
Aeronautical Information Specialist
Astronomer
Cartographer
Geodesist
Geophysicist
Marine Information Specialist
Space Scientist
Other Options - Jobs for any Degree
Atmospheric Science
Meteorologist
Other Options - Jobs for any Degree
Chemistry
Agricultural Commodity Grader (Grain)
Biologist
Consumer Safety Specialist
Cotton Technologist
Fiber Technologist
Fish and Wildlife Specialist
Food Inspector
Food Technologist
Forest Products Technologist
Health Physicist
Hospital Housekeeping Program Specialist
Medical Technologist
Microbiologist
Oceanographer
Sanitarian
Other Options - Jobs for any Degree
Earth Science
Coal Mine Safety and Health Inspector
Mine Safety and Health Inspector
Outdoor Recreation Planner
Park Ranger
Other Options - Jobs for any Degree
Electronics
Astronomer
Geophysicist
Railroad Safety Inspector
Space Scientist
Other Options - Jobs for any Degree
Geodesy
Cartographer
Geodesist
Other Options - Jobs for any Degree
Geology
Geographer
Geologist
Geophysicist
Oceanographer
Other Options - Jobs for any Degree
Geophysics
Cartographer
Geodesist
Geophysicist
Oceanographer
Other Options - Jobs for any Degree
Meteorology
Aeronautical Information Specialist
Geographer
Geophysicist
Marine Information Specialist
Meteorologist
Oceanographer
Other Options - Jobs for any Degree
Oceanography
Cartographer
Oceanographer
Other Options - Jobs for any Degree
Physics
Aeronautical Information Specialist
Astronomer
Cotton Technologist
Fiber Technologist
Food Technologist
Forest Products Technologist
Geodesist
Geophysicist
Health Physicist
Marine Information Specialist
Oceanographer
Physicist
Railroad Safety Inspector
Space Scientist
Telecommunications Specialist
Other Options - Jobs for any Degree
Space Science
Astronomer
Space Scientist
Other Options - Jobs for any Degree
Public Services
Community Planning
Community Planner
Other Options - Jobs for any Degree
Community Recreation
Recreation Specialist
Other Options - Jobs for any Degree
Correctional Administration
Correctional Program Specialist
Other Options - Jobs for any Degree
Criminal Justice
Treasury Enforcement Agent
Other Options - Jobs for any Degree
Criminology
Treasury Enforcement Agent
Other Options - Jobs for any Degree
General Recreation
Recreation Specialist
Other Options - Jobs for any Degree
Institution Management
Dietitian
Nutritionist
Other Options - Jobs for any Degree
Institutional Administration
Hospital Housekeeping Program Specialist
Other Options - Jobs for any Degree
Law Enforcement
Park Ranger Treasury Enforcement Agent
Other Options - Jobs for any Degree
Library Science
Librarian
Other Options - Jobs for any Degree
Museum Sciences
Museum Curator Museum Specialist Park Ranger
Other Options - Jobs for any Degree
Outdoor Recreation
Outdoor Recreation Planner Recreation Specialist
Other Options - Jobs for any Degree
Outdoor Recreation Planning
Outdoor Recreation Planner
Other Options - Jobs for any Degree
Park Administration
Outdoor Recreation Planner
Other Options - Jobs for any Degree
Park and Recreation Management
Park Ranger
Other Options - Jobs for any Degree
Planning
Geographer
Other Options - Jobs for any Degree
Police Administration
Treasury Enforcement Agent
Other Options - Jobs for any Degree
Police Science
Document Analyst
Park Ranger
Treasury Enforcement Agent
Other Options - Jobs for any Degree
Public Administration
Accountant
Auditor
Commissary Management Specialist
Community Planner
Health System Specialist
Highway Safety Specialist
Hospital Housekeeping Program Specialist
Internal Revenue Agent
Park Ranger
Trade Specialist
Unemployment Insurance Specialist
Other Options - Jobs for any Degree
Public Affairs
Treasury Enforcement Agent
Other Options - Jobs for any Degree
Public Health Administration
Health System Specialist
Other Options - Jobs for any Degree
Public Recreation
Recreation Specialist
Other Options - Jobs for any Degree
Public Utilities
Telecommunications Specialist
Other Options - Jobs for any Degree
Recreation
Outdoor Recreation Planner
Recreation Specialist
Recreation Therapist
Other Options - Jobs for any Degree
Recreation and Parks Leadership
Recreation Specialist
Other Options - Jobs for any Degree
Safety
Air Safety Investigator
Coal Mine Safety and Health Inspector
Mine Safety and Health Inspector
Safety and Occupational Health Specialist
Other Options - Jobs for any Degree
Special Populations Recreation
Recreation Specialist
Other Options - Jobs for any Degree
Traffic Management
Highway Safety Specialist
Marine Cargo Specialist
Motor Carrier Safety Specialist
Traffic Management Specialist
Transportation Industry Analyst
Transportation Operation Specialist
Other Options - Jobs for any Degree
Transportation
Grain Marketing Specialist
Highway Safety Specialist
Marine Cargo Specialist
Motor Carrier Safety Specialist
Traffic Management Specialist
Transportation Industry Analyst
Transportation Operation Specialist
Other Options - Jobs for any Degree
Urban Planning
Outdoor Recreation Planner
Other Options - Jobs for any Degree
Urban Recreation
Recreation Specialist
Other Options - Jobs for any Degree
Vocational Counseling
Manual Arts Therapist
Vocational Rehabilitation Specialist
Other Options - Jobs for any Degree
Vocational Evaluation
Manual Arts Therapist
Other Options - Jobs for any Degree
Vocational Rehabilitation
Manual Arts Therapist
Vocational Rehabilitation Specialist
Other Options - Jobs for any Degree
Vocational Work Adjustment
Manual Arts Therapist
Other Options - Jobs for any Degree
Youth Recreation
Recreation Specialist
Other Options - Jobs for any Degree
Science (General)
Illustrator
Museum Specialist
Operations Research Analyst
Patent Advisor
Passport Examiner
Patent Examiner
Photographic Technologist
Technical Writer-Editor
Other Options - Jobs for any Degree
Behavioral Science
Park Ranger
Other Options - Jobs for any Degree
Life Science
Chemist
Coal Mine Safety and Health Inspector
Industrial Hygienist
Mine Safety and Health Inspector
Other Options - Jobs for any Degree
Natural Science
Health Physicist
Hydrologist
Meteorologist
Park Ranger
Other Options - Jobs for any Degree
Social Science
Agricultural Extension Agent
Geographer
Manpower Analysis Specialist
Park Ranger
Technical Writer-Editor
Other Options - Jobs for any Degree
Agricultural Economics
Agricultural Extension Agent
Agricultural Management Specialist
Agricultural Program Specialist
Commissary Management Specialist
Crop Insurance Field Representative
Crop Insurance Specialist
Crop Insurance Underwriter
Financial Analyst
Grain Marketing Specialist
Insurance Examiner
Loan Specialist
Warehouse Examiner
Other Options - Jobs for any Degree
Anthropology
Anthropologist
Geographer
Park Ranger
Other Options - Jobs for any Degree
Anthropometry
Clothing Designer
Other Options - Jobs for any Degree
Archeology
Archeologist
Park Ranger
Other Options - Jobs for any Degree
Community Planning
Community Planner
Other Options - Jobs for any Degree
Criminal Justice
Treasury Enforcement Agent
Other Options - Jobs for any Degree
Criminology
Correctional Program Specialist
Document Analyst
Treasury Enforcement Agent
Other Options - Jobs for any Degree
Cultural Anthropology
Foreign Affairs Specialist
International Relations Specialist
Other Options - Jobs for any Degree
Economics
Agricultural Management Specialist
Agricultural Program Specialist
Bank Examiner
Community Planner
Economist
Farm Credit Examiner
Financial Analyst
Financial Institution Examiner
Foreign Affairs Specialist
Geographer
Grain Marketing Specialist
Highway Safety Specialist
Insurance Examiner
International Relations Specialist
Investment Company Examiner
Labor Management Relations Examiner
Loan Specialist
Manpower Analysis Specialist
Marine Cargo Specialist
Motor Carrier Safety Specialist
Outdoor Recreation Planner
Printing Specialist
Savings and Loan Examiner
Securities Compliance Examiner
Tax Law Specialist
Trade Specialist
Traffic Management Specialist
Transportation Industry Analyst
Transportation Operation Specialist
Unemployment Insurance Specialist
Other Options - Jobs for any Degree
Geography
Aeronautical Information Specialist
Community Planner
Foreign Affairs Specialist
Geographer
International Relations Specialist
Marine Information Specialist
Other Options - Jobs for any Degree
Government
Archivist
Treasury Enforcement Agent
Other Options - Jobs for any Degree
History
Archivist
Foreign Affairs Specialist
Geographer
Historian
Illustrator
International Relations Specialist
Museum Specialist
Park Ranger
Trade Specialist
Treasury Enforcement Agent
Other Options - Jobs for any Degree
Human Factors
Air Safety Investigator
Other Options - Jobs for any Degree
International Relations
Foreign Affairs Specialist
International Relations Specialist
Trade Specialist
Other Options - Jobs for any Degree
Labor Economics
Apprenticeship and Training Representative
Labor Management Relations Examiner
Other Options - Jobs for any Degree
Labor Relations
Labor Management Relations Examiner
Other Options - Jobs for any Degree
Political Science
Archivist
Community Planner
Foreign Affairs Specialist
Geographer
International Relations Specialist
Labor Management Relations Examiner
Manpower Analysis Specialist
Sociologist
Trade Specialist
Treasury Enforcement Agent
Unemployment Insurance Specialist
Other Options - Jobs for any Degree
Psychodrama
Creative Arts Therapist (Psychodrama)
Other Options - Jobs for any Degree
Psychology
Correctional Program Specialist
Educational Therapist
Manpower Analysis Specialist
Psychologist
Treasury Enforcement Agent
Other Options - Jobs for any Degree
Rural Sociology
Financial Analyst
Insurance Examiner
Loan Specialist
Other Options - Jobs for any Degree
Social Anthropology
Foreign Affairs Specialist
International Relations Specialist
Other Options - Jobs for any Degree
Social Psychology
Sociologist
Other Options - Jobs for any Degree
Social Work
Correctional Program Specialist
Social Worker
Other Options - Jobs for any Degree
Sociology
Community Planner
Correctional Program Specialist
Foreign Affairs Specialist
Geographer
International Relations Specialist
Manpower Analysis Specialist
Outdoor Recreation Planner
Park Ranger
Sociologist
Treasury Enforcement Agent
Unemployment Insurance Specialist
Other Options - Jobs for any Degree
Urban Affairs
Community Planner
Other Options - Jobs for any Degree
Urban Planning
Outdoor Recreation Planner
Other Options - Jobs for any Degree
Urban Studies
Geographer
Treasury Enforcement Agent
Other Options - Jobs for any Degree
Vocational Counseling
Manual Arts Therapist
Vocational Rehabilitation Specialist
Other Options - Jobs for any Degree
Vocational Evaluation
Manual Arts Therapist
Other Options - Jobs for any Degree
Vocational Rehabilitation
Manual Arts Therapist
Vocational Rehabilitation Specialist
Other Options - Jobs for any Degree
Vocational Work Adjustment
Manual Arts Therapist
Other Options - Jobs for any Degree
Technology
Agricultural Commodity Grader (Grain)
Patent Advisor
Patent Classifier
Patent Examiner
Technical Writer-Editor
Other Options - Jobs for any Degree
Cotton Technology
Cotton Technologist
Other Options - Jobs for any Degree
Dairy Technology
Food Technologist
Other Options - Jobs for any Degree
Engineering Technology
Quality Assurance Specialist
Other Options - Jobs for any Degree
Fiber Technology
Fiber Technologist
Other Options - Jobs for any Degree
Food Technology
Consumer Safety Inspector
Consumer Safety Specialist
Food Inspector
Food Technologist
Other Options - Jobs for any Degree
Industrial Arts Technology
Manual Arts Therapist
Other Options - Jobs for any Degree
Medical Technology
Medical Technologist
Other Options - Jobs for any Degree
Textile Technology
Clothing Designer
Textile Technologist
Other Options - Jobs for any Degree
Wood Technology
Forest Products Technologist
Other Options - Jobs for any Degree
Appendix A: Federal Jobs for any College Degree
Listed in this Appendix are the 76 Federal jobs of particular interest to college graduates that require a degree in any field of college study as the only entry level qualification requirement. All college graduates qualify for these jobs at one of the entry grade levels (generally GS-5 or GS-7). No work experience is needed.
Administrative Officer
Agricultural Market Reporter
Agricultural Marketing Specialist
Air Traffic Control Specialist
Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms Inspector
Appraiser
Archives Specialist
Bond Sales Promotion Representative
Border Patrol Agent
Budget Analyst
Building Management Specialist
Cemetary Administration Specialist
Civil Rights Analyst
Claims Examiner
Computer Specialist
Contact Representative
Contract Specialist
Contractor Industrial Relations Specialist
Correctional Officer
Criminal Investigator
Customs Inspector
Customs Patrol Officer
Deputy United States Marshal
Distribution Facilities Specialist
Electric Accounting Machine Project Planner
Employee Development Specialist
Employee Relations Specialist
Environmental Protection Specialist
Equal Employment Specialist
Equal Opportunity Specialist
Equipment Specialist
Federal Retirement Benefits Specialist
General Supply Specialist
Housing Management Specialist
Immigration Inspector
Import Specialist
Intelligence Specialist
Internal Revenue Officer
Inventory Management Specialist
Investigator
Labor Relations Specialist
Land Law Examiner
Logistics Management Specialist
Management Analyst
Manpower Development Specialist
Military Personnel Management Specialist
Mine Safety and Health Specialist
Occupational Analyst
Packaging Specialist
Paralegal Specialist
Passport Examiner
Personnel Management Specialist
Personnel Staffing Specialist
Position Classification Specialist
Property Disposal Specialist
Public Affairs Specialist
Public Health Program Specialist
Public Utilities Specialist
Realty Specialist
Salary and Wage Specialist
Security Specialist
Social Insurance Claims Examiner
Social Insurance Representative
Social Service Representative
Special Agent (Fisheries)
Special Agent (Wildlife)
Storage Specialist
Supply Cataloger
Supply Management Representative
Tax Technician
Unemployment Compensation Claims Examiner
Veterans Claims Examiner
Visa Examiner
Wage and Hour Compliance Specialist
Workers' Compensation Claims Examiner
Writer-Editor
Appendix B: Federal Job Qualifications and Duties Statements
Listed in this Appendix are the 282 Federal jobs of particular interest to college graduates. Included with each job are the educational requirements taken directly from the Federal Qualification Standards Handbook, and a brief statement of typical duties. A college graduate who has all of the indicated education for a particular job qualifies for it at one of the entry grade levels (generally GS-5 or GS-7). No work experience is needed.
Accountant, GS-0510
Education: A bachelor's degree in accounting; or a degree in a related field such as business administration, finance, or public administration that includes or is supplemented by 24 semester hours in accounting. The 24 semester hours may include up to 6 semester hours of credit in business law.
Duties: Accountants design and operate accounting systems for Federal agencies. They audit or examine accounts and records of transactions; examine, analyze, and interpret accounting data and reports; and provide accounting advice to management officials.
Actuary, GS-1510
Education: A bachelor's degree that includes courses in actuarial science or mathematics and relevant statistics totaling at least 24 semester hours. This course work must include differential and integral calculus and one or more courses in mathematics for which these courses are prerequisite, and up to 9 semester hours of statistics.
Duties: Actuaries apply knowledge and experience in actuarial science (including mathematics, statistics, business and economic principles) to programs or problems related to annuities, and to life, health, or property risks and contingencies.
Administrative Officer, GS-0341 *
Education: A bachelor's degree in any field of study.
Duties: Administrative officers supervise or provide a variety of organizational management services such as financial administration, personnel management, contracting, procurement, and communications management.
Aeronautical Information Specialist, GS-1361
Education: A bachelor's degree with major study in navigation, mathematics, physics, astronomy, geography, meteorology, engineering, cartography, or another subject related to aeronautical or marine navigation and operations.
Duties: Aeronautical Information specialists collect, evaluate, select, and prepare vital aeronautical information for dissemination in official publications concerning safe navigation and related operations.
Aerospace Engineer, GS-0861
Education: A bachelor's degree in engineering.
Duties: Aerospace engineers plan, design, test, evaluate, fabricate, operate, and maintain aerospace vehicles and associated equipment, and investigate phenomena encountered in aerospace flight.
Agricultural Commodity Grader (Grain), GS-1980
Education: A bachelor's degree in any field that includes 9 semester hours or the equivalent in agriculture, botany, crop production, agronomy, product processing, food chemistry, technology, quality control, or other related subjects.
Duties: Agricultural commodity graders (grain) determine and certify the grade, class, or other essential factors relating to the quality, quantity, and condition of grain commodities.
Agricultural Engineer, GS-0890
Education: A bachelor's degree in engineering.
Duties: Agricultural engineers apply the fundamentals of engineering to solve agricultural problems in such areas as farm structures, soil and water conservation, mechanical power and machinery, and electric power and processing.
Agricultural Extension Agent, GS-0406
Education: A bachelor's degree in agriculture, home economics, agricultural economics, entomology, soil science, plant science, animal science, or other biological or social science field related to the position being filled.
Duties: Agricultural extension agents perform research or other professional and scientific work in connection with extension and instruction projects in various phases of agriculture or home economics.
Agricultural Management Specialist, GS-0475
Education: A bachelor's degree with major study in farm, livestock, or ranch management; agricultural economics; agricultural management; agricultural education; agricultural engineering; agricultural resource management; general agriculture; agronomy or crop science; animal, dairy, or poultry husbandry; non-ornimental horticulture; business; finance; financial management; business management; economics; accounting; or other fields related to the position.
Duties: Agricultural management specialists manage Federal agricultural operations or carry out credit and technical assistance programs for rural communities. The work may include crop and livestock production, preparation and marketing of products, or the support of financial or resource development activities.
Agricultural Market Reporter, GS-1147 *
Education: A bachelor's degree in any field of study.
Duties: Agricultural market reporters collect, analyze and disseminate current information on available supplies, movement, demand, prices, marketing trends, and other facts relating to the marketing of agricultural products, including cotton, dairy products, fats and oils, fresh fruits and vegetables, grain, grain products, livestock, meat, poultry, processed agricultural products, oil seed, seed, and tobacco.
Agricultural Marketing Specialist, GS-1146 *
Education: A bachelor's degree in any field of study.
Duties: Agricultural marketing specialists perform research, or conduct analytical, regulatory, or other specialized work concerned with the marketing of agricultural commodities or products, including cotton, dairy products, fats and oils, fresh fruits and vegetables, grain, grain products, livestock, meat, poultry, processed agricultural products, oil seed, seed, and tobacco.
Agricultural Program Specialist, GS-1145 *
Education: A bachelor's degree with major study in economics, agricultural economics, marketing, business administration, animal or poultry science/husbandry, agronomy, soil science, or related curricula dealing with the production and distribution of farm products.
Duties: Agricultural program specialists develop, review, and administer programs for direct farmer-producer participation in production adjustment, price support, land conservation, and similar programs.
Agronomist, GS-0471
Education: A bachelor's degree in agronomy; or related discipline of science that includes at least 30 semester hours of course work in the basic plant sciences, including at least 15 semester hours in agronomic subjects, such as those dealing with plant breeding, crop production, and soil and crop management.
Duties: Agronomists perform professional and scientific work in agronomy, including the application of fundamental principles of the plant, soil, and related sciences to the improvement, production, management, and utilization of field crops, pasture and cover crops, turf, and related types of vegetation; to soil and crop management; to the development and use of weed controls and plant regulators; and to related fields.
Air Safety Investigator, GS-1815
Education: A bachelor's degree with major study in aviation, engineering, mathematics, physical sciences, safety, human factors, or another field related to the position being filled. In addition, applicants must also possess the appropriate Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) pilot certificates and/or appropriate military ratings, and meet the applicable flight hour requirements. Such requirements, which vary, are published in individual job announcements.
Duties: Air safety investigators investigate aircraft accidents. They report facts, conditions, and circumstances, and determine the probable cause of accidents and recommend remedial action designed to prevent similar accidents in the future.
Air Traffic Control Specialist, GS-2152
Education: A bachelor's degree in any field of study.
Duties: Air traffic control specialists control air traffic to insure the safe, orderly and expeditious movement along air routes and at airports; provide pre-flight and in-flight assistance to aircraft; and develop, coordinate, and manage air traffic control programs.
Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms Inspector, GS-1854 *
Education: A bachelor's degree in any field of study.
Duties: Alcohol, tobacco, and firearms inspectors inspect and qualify legitimate businesses engaged in the production or use of alcohol, tobacco, or firearms products to insure the security of the tax revenue on these products or compliance with regulations regarding their production, storage, sale, or use.
Animal Scientist, GS-0487
Education: A bachelor's degree in animal science, dairy science, poultry science; or a related discipline or field of animal science that includes at least 30 semester hours in the basic biological and agricultural sciences, and 20 semester hours in animal science. At least 10 of the required 20 semester hours in animal science must have been in courses dealing with the breeding, feeding, production, and management of livestock, and the care and preparation of their products.
Duties: Animal scientists perform research or other professional and scientific work in the field of animal science, including nutritional, biophysical, biochemical, and physiological relationships. They investigate, analyze and solve animal science problems.
Anthropologist, GS-0190
Education: A bachelor's degree in an appropriate field of anthropology.
Duties: Anthropologists study and analyze anthropological data and materials and devise themes, ideas, and data for exhibit programs and museum collections. They serve as consultants to Federal managers, representatives of the academic community, and the general public.
Appraiser, GS-1171 *
Education: A bachelor's degree in any field of study.
Duties: Appraisers assess the value of real or personal property or its associated interests.
Apprenticeship and Training Representative, GS-0243
Education: A bachelor's degree with major study in labor economics; industrial relations; industrial training; or industrial techniques, methods, and practices.
Duties: Apprenticeship and training representatives perform work primarily concerned with: (a) promoting apprenticeship and other on-the-job training programs and standards to meet the needs for skilled human resources in industry; and (b) providing technical advice and assistance on methods of improving the utilization of skilled workers.
Archeologist, GS-0193
Education: A bachelor's degree that includes: (a) 3 semester hours each in the following course areas: history of archeology; archeology of a major geographical area such as North America or Africa; regional archeology, archeological cultures, or sites in a specific part or portion of a major geographical area; theory and methods of archeology, including but not limited to typology, classification, sampling, cultural evolution, diffusion, dating, and analytical techniques; and archeological field school; (b) 6 semester hours of related course work in geography, geology, or cultural geography; history, historiography, or historical archeology; environmental studies; scientific writing (nonfiction English composition); and/or surveying; and (c) archeological field school.
Duties: Archeologists study historic and prehistoric cultures; examine important archeological finds; and devise themes, ideas, and data for exhibit programs and museum collections. They also serve as consultants to Government officials when archeological information is involved.
Architect, GS-0808
Education: A bachelor's degree in architecture; or a related field that includes 60 semester hours of course work in architecture or related disciplines of which at least 30 semester hours are in architectural design, and 6 semester hours are in each of the following: structural technology, properties of materials and methods of construction, and environmental control systems.
Duties: Architects, blending esthetics, function, space, and materials, design and construct new or improved buildings and related structures.
Archives Specialist, GS-1421 *
Education: A bachelor's degree in any field of study.
Duties: Archives specialists acquire, arrange, describe, preserve, use, and dispose of archives, non-current records, and related material kept in record and manuscript depositories.
Archivist, GS-1420
Education: A bachelor's degree that includes 18 semester hours in the history of the United States and/or in American political science or government, and 12 semester hours in one or any combination of the following: history, American civilization, economics, political science, public administration, or government.
Duties: Archivists appraise, arrange, preserve, publish or provide reference service from public records and historical documents.
Art Specialist, GS-1056
Education: A bachelor's degree in one of the fine or applied arts appropriate to the position being filled.
Duties: Art specialists plan, supervise, administer, or carry out educational, recreation, cultural, or other programs in art; demonstrate the techniques and instruct in one or more of the arts; or perform other functions requiring knowledge and skill in one or more art forms.
Astronomer, GS-1330
Education: A bachelor's degree in astronomy, physics, mathematics, space science, or electronics. The course work must include differential and integral calculus and 12 semester hours in astronomy and/or physics.
Duties: Astronomers perform fundamental research on the constituents, properties, processes, and life history of astronomical objects. They collect and analyze data on astronomical phenomena that must be observed over long periods of time, or that must be monitored on a continuous basis as a public or scientific service.
Attorney, GS-0905
Education: Federal agencies are permitted to establish separate qualification requirements for Attorney positions. Generally, however, a degree in law is qualifying at the GS-9 entry grade level.
Duties: Attorneys perform professional legal work such as preparing cases for trial and/or the trial of cases before a court; rendering legal advice and services with respect to questions, regulations, practices, or other matters falling within the purview of a Federal agency; preparing interpretative and administrative orders, rules, or regulations to effect governing status or other requirements of law; drafting, negotiating, or examining contracts or other legal documents; drafting or preparing comments, or otherwise making recommendations with respect to proposed legislation; preparing or editing statutes enacted by Congress and opinions or decisions of a court, commission, or board; and drafting and reviewing decisions for consideration by agency officials.
Audio Visual Production Specialist, GS-1071
Education: A bachelor's degree with major study in photography, radio or television production, motion picture production, or another field related to the position being filled.
Duties: Audio-visual production specialists produce motion pictures, filmstrips; live or taped radio or television productions, or pre-recorded slide lectures and sound accompaniments for exhibits and/or scenic or historic views.
Audiologist, GS-0665
Education: A master's degree that includes at least 18 semester hours in the field of audiology with approved clinical practice.
Duties: Audiologists evaluate and resolve patient hearing disorders, and perform related laboratory and clinical research in Federal hospitals or other research facilities.
Auditor, GS-0511
Education: A bachelor's degree in accounting; or a degree in a related field such as business administration, finance, or public administration that includes or was supplemented by 24 semester hours in accounting. The 24 semester hours may include up to 6 hours of credit in business law.
Duties: Auditors examine accounts of government and non-government organizations to establish that financial statements fairly present the financial position of the organizations in terms of assets, liabilities, net worth, income, and expenses. They also determine the degree of compliance with applicable laws and/or principles of sound financial management.
Bank Examiner, GS-0570
Education: A bachelor's degree with major study in accounting, banking, business administration, commercial or banking law, economics, finance, marketing, or another field related to the position being filled. This education must include at least 24 semester hours in business administration, accounting, finance, marketing or economics with at least 6 semester hours in accounting.
Duties: Bank examiners review the operations of banks to determine their financial condition and compliance with Federal laws and regulations.
Biologist, GS-0401
Education: A bachelor's degree in biological sciences, agriculture, natural resource management, chemistry, or related disciplines appropriate to the position being filled.
Duties: Biologists perform research or other professional work in any field of science concerned with living organisms, their distribution, characteristics, life processes, adaptations, and relationships to the environment.
Biomedical Engineer, GS-0858
Education: A bachelor's degree in engineering.
Duties: Biomedical engineers investigate problems and phenomena of living systems to advance the understanding of these systems and improve medical practices; develop materials, instruments, diagnostic and therapeutic devices, and other equipment applicable in the study of life systems and the practice of medicine; and to improve health service delivery systems.
Bond Sales Promotion Representative, GS-0011 *
Education: A bachelor's degree in any field of study.
Duties: Bond sales promotion representatives promote and maintain the sales of United States savings bonds and stamps by originating and developing promotional themes, ideas, and programs; by planning, organizing, and directing the work of committees, groups, and other persons participating in the conduct of bond and stamp drives, programs, and campaigns; and by other means.
Border Patrol Agent, GS-1896
Education: A bachelor's degree in any field of study.
Duties: Border patrol agents perform enforcement work concerned with detecting and preventing the illegal entry of aliens into the country, apprehending aliens in violation of the conditions under which they were admitted, and enforcing criminal provisions of immigration and nationality laws and regulations.
Botanist, GS-0430
Education: A bachelor's degree in botany; or basic plant science that includes at least 24 semester hours in botany.
Duties: Botanists perform research and other professional and scientific work in the field of botany, including plant taxonomy, morphology, ecology, and ethnobotany. They investigate, analyze and solve a wide variety of botanical problems.
Budget Analyst, GS-0560 *
Education: A bachelor's degree in any field of study.
Duties: Budget analysts formulate budget estimates for government operating programs. They present budget estimates and give testimony before examining, reviewing, and fund-granting authorities, and exercise management controls over the obligation and expenditure of funds.
Building Management Specialist, GS-1176 *
Education: A bachelor's degree in any field of study.
Duties: Building management specialists manage the operation of public buildings or other facilities to provide agency organizations with appropriate space and essential building services. They plan operation, maintenance, and repair programs, forecast needs, and monitor use of space to assure that needs are met.
Cartographer, GS-1370
Education: A bachelor's degree in cartography; or a major that includes or is supplemented by at least 30 semester hours in cartography and/or directly related science, and related mathematics. Such course work includes, but is not limited to cartography, astronomy, geodesy, photogrammetry, physical and geological oceanography, computer science, land surveying, geophysics, physical geography, and remote sensing. The 30 semester hours must include at least 6, but no more than 15, semester hours of college-level non-business mathematics or statistics, i.e., college level algebra, trigonometry, calculus, or scientific mathematics or statistics requiring equivalent college-level courses as prerequisites.
Duties: Cartographers map the earth's surface or graphically represent geographic or navigational information. They develop, evaluate, or adapt plans or techniques of map or chart design or construction; or evaluate the reliability and accuracy of source materials concerning the position, configuration, or character of physical and cultural features of the earth's surface.
Cemetery Administration Specialist, GS-1630
Education: A bachelor's degree in any field of study.
Duties: Cemetery administration specialists direct, administer, manage, advise on, or supervise the overall operation of one or more Federal cemeteries.
Ceramic Engineer, GS-0892
Education: A bachelor's degree in engineering.
Duties: Ceramic engineers develop or adapt materials, methods, and processes used in the manufacture of ceramic products and with the design, construction and operation of industrial processes and equipment used in their production.
Chemical Engineer, GS-0893
Education: A bachelor's degree in engineering.
Duties: Chemical engineers design, operate, evaluate, and improve chemical processes, equipment, methods, or products.
Chemist, GS-1320
Education: A bachelor's degree in the physical sciences, life sciences, or engineering that includes 30 semester hours in chemistry, supplemented by course work in mathematics through differential and integral calculus, and at least 6 semester hours of physics.
Duties: Chemists analyze and interpret the composition, molecular structure, and properties of substances, the transformations which they undergo, and the amounts of matter and energy included in these transformations.
Civil Engineer, GS-0810
Education: A bachelor's degree in engineering.
Duties: Civil engineers design, construct, and maintain structures and facilities that provide shelter, support transportation systems, or control natural resources. Others investigate, measure, survey, and map the earth's physical features and phenomena.
Civil Rights Analyst, GS-0160
Education: A bachelor's degree in any field of study.
Duties: Civil rights analysts plan and conduct research in the field of civil rights and equal opportunity. Research covers a wide range of economic, social, and political activities including, but not necessarily limited to, employment, housing, education, social services, business, and finance. The work primarily involves factfinding, analysis, writing, and application of civil rights principles to identify and/or solve problems.
Claims Examiner, GS-0990 *
Education: A bachelor's degree in any field of study.
Duties: Claims examiners perform quasi-legal work in developing, examining, adjusting, reconsidering, or authorizing the settlement of claims against the government.
Clothing Designer, GS-0062
Education: A bachelor's degree with major study in textile technology, tailoring, clothing design, clothing production, anthropometry, anatomy, or physiology.
Duties: Clothing designers design, develop, test, standardize, and improve clothing used by Federal uniform personnel (including headgear, footgear, and handgear) for performance, appearance, comfort, and economical production.
Coal Mine Safety and Health Inspector, GS-1822
Education: A bachelor's degree in any field provided that such study includes at least 9 semester hours in mining engineering, civil engineering, mechanical engineering, electrical engineering, industrial hygiene, construction management, physical, life, or earth sciences, mathematics, safety, or other course work related to the position to be filled.
Duties: Coal mine safety and health inspectors enforce safety and health laws, regulations, and standards in coal mines.
Commissary Management Specialist, GS-1144
Education: A bachelor's degree with major study in business administration, public administration, agricultural economics (food industry management), or another field related to the position being filled.
Duties: Commissary management specialists manage or advise on the operation of government commissary stores or departments of commissary stores.
Community Planner, GS-0020
Education: A bachelor's degree in community planning; or a related field such as urban affairs, architecture, landscape architecture, engineering, sociology, geography, economics, political science, or public administration that includes at least 12 semester hours in the planning process, socioeconomic and physical elements of planning, urban and regional economic analysis, and development finance.
Duties: Community planners develop the art and science of planning as it relates to urban or rural neighborhoods, villages, Indian reservations, cities, counties, regions, states, and the nation. They help community leaders find solutions to urban and rural problems.
Computer Engineer, GS-0854
Education: A bachelor's degree in engineering.
Duties: Computer engineers design or modify computers in support of specialized Government system requirements.
Computer Scientist, GS-1550
Education: A bachelor's degree with 30 semester hours in a combination of mathematics, statistics, and computer science. At least 15 of the 30 semester hours must be in any combination of statistics and mathematics that includes differential and integral calculus.
Duties: Computer scientists develop methods and techniques to store, manipulate, or present information by means of digital computer systems. They are either concerned with the development of new fields of computer science research or being responsive to problems arising from the use of digital computers.
Computer Specialist, GS-0334 *
Education: A bachelor's degree in any field of study.
Duties: Computer specialists help Federal managers identify processes to be automated, select makes and models of computers and related peripheral devices to be used in government operations, and perform programming and other specialized activities to develop and design computer systems.
Construction Analyst, GS-0828
Education: A bachelor's degree with major study in architecture, engineering, building construction, or another field related to the position being filled.
Duties: Construction analysts review engineering drawings and specifications submitted with applications for federally insured mortgages. They make sure that the property meets all engineering standards with respect to design, structure, and mechanical features. Some prepare cost estimates, propose changes and improvements, collect data, prepare reports, and develop area construction cost indexes.
Consumer Safety Inspector, GS-1862
Education: A bachelor's degree that includes at least 24 semester hours in any combination of courses such as those in the agricultural, biological, or physical sciences, food technology, epidemiology, home economics, pharmacy, engineering, or nutrition.
Duties: Consumer safety inspectors plan and conduct inspections, investigations, and related sampling and data collection activities in support of the laws and regulations protecting consumers from foods, drugs, therapeutic devices, cosmetics, fabrics, toys, and household products that are impure, unsanitary, ineffective, improperly labeled, or dangerous.
Consumer Safety Specialist, GS-0696
Education: A bachelor's degree that includes at least 30 semester hours in one or a combination of the following: biological science, chemistry, pharmacy, physical sciences, food technology, nutrition, medical science, engineering, epidemiology, veterinary medical science, or a related scientific field that provides knowledge directly related to consumer safety officer work. The 30 semester hours can include up to 8 semester hours in statistics, or course work that includes the principles, theory, or practical application of computers or computer programming.
Duties: Consumer safety specialists enforce the laws and regulations protecting consumers from foods, drugs, cosmetics, fabrics, toys, and household products and equipment that are impure, unwholesome, ineffective, improperly or deceptively labeled or packaged, or in some other way dangerous, or defective.
Contact Representative, GS-0962 *
Education: A bachelor's degree in any field of study.
Duties: Contact representatives provide information to the public on rights, benefits, privileges, or obligations under Federal laws such as social security. They explain pertinent legal provisions, regulations, and administrative practices and their application to specific cases; and assist individuals in developing needed evidence and preparing required documents, or in resolving errors, delays, or other problems in obtaining benefits or fulfilling obligations.
Contract Specialist, GS-1102 *
Education: A bachelor's degree in any field of study.
Duties: Contract specialists negotiate with private concerns, institutions, and non-profit organizations to furnish services, supplies, or equipment to the government. They assure compliance with the terms of contracts; examine and evaluate contract price proposals; and purchase supplies and services, by formally advertised bid and negotiated procurement procedures.
Contractor Industrial Relations Specialist, GS-0246 *
Education: A bachelor's degree in any field of study.
Duties: Contractor industrial relations specialists serve as liaison between Federal agencies and contractors, and between agencies and labor. They assure contractor compliance with labor laws, standards, and specific terms under their government contracts. They also promote harmonious labor relations.
Correctional Officer, GS-0007
Education: A bachelor's degree in any field of study.
Duties: Correctional officers supervise criminal offenders in Federal correctional institutions or systems, or provide staff advice to managers of institutions.
Correctional Program Specialist, GS-0006
Education: A bachelor's degree with major study in correctional administration, criminology, psychology, social work, sociology, or another field related to the position being filled.
Duties: Correctional program specialists manage, or participate in the overall management of, correctional institutions, correctional systems, or correctional programs. Others advise on, review, and evaluate the management of such institutions, systems or programs.
Corrective Therapist, GS-0635
Education: A bachelor's degree in corrective therapy, physical education, or physical therapy.
Duties: Corrective therapists treat medical patients by using various types of physical exercise, physical activities, and equipment. They evaluate patients for muscle strength, endurance, coordination, and balance; provide individual or group instruction in physical reconditioning or resocialization; and devise adaptations of equipment to meet the specific needs of patients.
Cotton Technologist, GS-1384
Education: A bachelor's degree in cotton technology; or in a related subject such as physics, chemistry, or mechanical or electrical engineering that includes at least 20 semester hours in cotton technology.
Duties: Cotton technologists perform scientific and technological work concerned with cotton, including investigation, development, production, processing, evaluation, and application of cotton fibers, yarns, fabrics and finishes.
Creative Arts Therapist (Art), GS-0638
Education: A bachelor's degree in art therapy or in a related field with therapeutic emphasis or concentration.
Duties: Creative arts therapists (art) use art to improve the physical and/or mental health of medical patients. They evaluate the history, interests, and skills of patients, and develop creative activities to reduce emotional stress, channel energies, and help rehabilitate patients.
Creative Arts Therapist (Dance), GS-0638
Education: A bachelor's degree in dance therapy or in a related field with therapeutic emphasis or concentration.
Duties: Creative arts therapists (dance) use dance to improve the physical and/or mental health of medical patients. They evaluate the history, interests, and skills of patients, and develop creative activities to reduce emotional stress, channel energies, and help rehabilitate patients.
Creative Arts Therapist (Music), GS-0638
Education: A bachelor's degree in music therapy or in an related field with therapeutic emphasis or concentration.
Duties: Creative arts therapists (music) use music to improve the physical and/or mental health of medical patients. They evaluate the history, interests, and skills of patients, and develop creative activities to reduce emotional stress, channel energies, and help rehabilitate patients.
Creative Arts Therapist (Psychodrama), GS-0638
Education: A bachelor's degree in psychodrama or in a related field with therapeutic emphasis or concentration.
Duties: Creative arts therapists (psychodrama) use psychodrama to improve the physical and/or mental health of medical patients. They evaluate the history, skills, and interests of patients, and develop creative activities to reduce emotional stress, channel energies, and help rehabilitate patients.
Criminal Investigator, GS-1811 *
Education: A bachelor's degree in any field of study.
Duties: Criminal investigators plan and conduct investigation relating to alleged or suspected violations of criminal laws.
Crop Insurance Field Representative, GS-1161
Education: A bachelor's degree with major study in agricultural economics, agronomy, agricultural management, soil science, or another directly related field.
Duties: Crop insurance field representative sell crop insurance contracts to prospective clients or service insurance policies within a given area.
Crop Insurance Specialist, GS-1161
Education: A bachelor's degree with major study in agricultural economics, agronomy, agricultural management, soil science, or another directly related field.
Duties: Crop insurance specialist administer sales and/or contract services programs for one or more crops in a given area. They also develop and recommend Corporation policies and operating practices for sales and/or contract services, make determinations in cases unresolved at lower organizational levels of the Corporation, or develop and present training materials to the sales and contract services staff.
Crop Insurance Underwriter, GS-1162
Education: A bachelor's degree with major study in agronomy, soil sciences, agricultural economics, agricultural management, horticulture, or another closely related field of agriculture that includes or is supplemented by at least 24 semester hours of agriculture-related course work.
Duties: Crop insurance underwriters classify land, establish crop insurance premiums, or perform other technical work related to underwriting insurance policies in a crop insurance program.
Customs Inspector, GS-1890 *
Education: A bachelor's degree in any field of study.
Duties: Customs inspectors do inspectional work in the enforcement of the United States Tariff Act and other laws governing the importation or exportation of merchandise, including the inspection of cargo, baggage, articles worn or carried by persons, and carriers entering or leaving the United States.
Customs Patrol Officer, GS-1884
Education: A bachelor's degree in any field of study.
Duties: Customs patrol officers perform law enforcement work concerned with: (a) detecting and preventing the smuggling of contraband and controlled substances and materials into or out of the United States; (b) detecting and preventing theft, pilferage or diversion of merchandise, cargo, or other materials from areas under Customs jurisdiction or custody; and (c) detecting and apprehending suspected violators of the Customs laws of the United States.
Dairy Scientist, GS-0487
Education: A bachelor's degree in animal science, dairy science, poultry science; or a related discipline or field of animal science that includes at least 30 semester hours in the basic biological and agricultural sciences, and 20 semester hours in animal science. At least 10 of the required 20 semester hours in animal science must be in dairy science.
Duties: Dairy scientists perform research or other scientific work in the field of dairy science. They investigate, analyze and solve dairy science problems.
Dental Hygienist, GS-0682
Education: A bachelor's degree in dental hygiene or in a directly related field of study. For Community Health Dental Hygienists, the bachelor's degree may be in any field if it includes or is supplemented by a curriculum in dental hygiene. Also, applicants must be currently licensed to practice as dental hygienists in a State or territory of the United States or the District of Columbia.
Duties: Dental hygienists perform dental hygiene work including oral prophylaxis, preliminary periodontal examinations involving diagnostic tests and X-rays, oral health education, preparation of treatment plans for plaque control, and application of topical fluorides and desensitizing agents to the teeth. Some hygienists plan, conduct, and evaluate preventive dental health programs for communities such as military installations and public health program areas.
Dental Officer, GS-0680
Education: A degree in dental surgery(DDS) or dental medicine (DMD). Applicants must be currently licensed to practice dentistry in a State, the District of Columbia, or Puerto Rico.
Duties: Dental officers advise on, administer, supervise, or perform professional and scientific work in the field of dentistry. They are concerned with the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of diseases, injuries and deformities of the teeth, the jaws, organs of the mouth, and other structures and connective tissues associated with the oral cavity and the masticatory system.
Deputy United States Marshal, GS-0082
Education: A bachelor's degree in any field of study.
Duties: Deputy United States marshals trace and arrest persons wanted under court warrants, protect jurors and government witnesses and their families during important trials, prevent disturbances or restore order in riot and mob violence situations, and perform other special law enforcement duties as directed by a court order or by the Department of Justice.
Design Patent Examiner, GS-1226
Education: A bachelor's degree in industrial design, product design, architecture, applied arts, graphic design, fine/studio arts, or art teacher education.
Duties: Design patent examiners perform professional, technical and legal work involved in the granting or denial of applications for design patents.
Dietitian, GS-0630
Education: A bachelor's degree in dietetics, food, nutrition, food service management, institution management, or related science.
Duties: Dietitians assess the nutritional needs of individuals or community groups, develop therapeutic diet plans, teach the effects of nutrition on health, conduct research regarding the use of diet in the treatment of disease, or consult on or administer dietetic programs in hospitals or institutions.
Distribution Facilities Specialist, GS-2030 *
Education: A bachelor's degree in any field of study.
Duties: Distribution facilities specialists receive, handle, store, issue, or physically control items within large government supply distribution systems.
Document Analyst, GS-1397
Education: A bachelor's degree with major study in physical or biological science, graphic arts, police science, criminology, or law.
Duties: Document analysts examine documents to determine their genuineness or spuriousness; decipher or restore eradicated or obliterated writings and markings; detect alterations or other tampering with original documents; determine authorship of a signature or other writings; determine the validity of dates or the alleged age of documents; identify particular machines used to product documents; or identify the sources of documents.
Ecologist, GS-0408
Education: A bachelor's degree in biology; or a related field of science underlying ecological research that includes at least 30 semester hours in basic and applied biological sciences. These hours must include at least 9 semester hours in ecology, and 12 semester hours in physical and mathematical sciences.
Duties: Ecologists study the interrelationships of organisms with each other, with their physical and chemical environment, and with society. They analyze biological components and processes in the context of ecosystems including environmental factors, physical-chemical relationships, and social relationships. They use quantitative and systems analysis techniques to predict effects of planned or natural changes in ecosystems and to develop understanding of and solutions to ecological problems.
Economist, GS-0110
Education: A bachelor's degree in economics that includes at least 21 semester hours in economics and 3 semester hours in statistics, accounting, or calculus.
Duties: Economists evaluate information, reports, and legislation for their economic implications or application. They write reports and provide consultant services for government policy makers and the public. They also direct programs designed to record, evaluate, or influence economic conditions.
Education Program Specialist, GS-1720
Education: A bachelor's degree that includes or is supplemented by at least 24 semester hours in a field related to the work of the position being filled, of which at least 9 semester hours must be in education courses.
Duties: Education program specialists develop policies and coordinate educational activities at the national level. They perform research, consultation, program planning, and other functions designed to promote and improve national educational policies and objectives.
Education Research Analyst, GS-1730
Education: A bachelor's degree that includes or is supplemented by at least 24 semester hours in a field related to the work of the position being filled, of which at least one course is in research methods and at least two courses are in statistics.
Duties: Education research analysts perform scientific research to solve educational problems, or develop new knowledge bearing on education processes.
Education Services Specialist, GS-1740
Education: A bachelor's degree that includes or is supplemented by at least 24 semester hours appropriate to the position to be filled in one or a combination of the following areas: tests and measurement, adult education, educational program administration, curriculum development or design, teaching methods, guidance and counseling, career planning, and occupational information. At least one course must be in either tests and measurement or adult education.
Duties: Education services specialists direct or manage a local or departmental education services program. Some perform liaison activities between military recruitment functions and the civilian community. Others maintain contacts with State, local and professional education associations.
Educational Therapist, GS-0639
Education: A bachelor's degree in education, or a field applicable to the work, such as occupational therapy or psychology, provided that the curriculum includes or is supplemented by at least 12 semester hours in education.
Duties: Educational therapists treat medical patients using educational methods and techniques. They use the results of tests and measurements to determine the learning abilities and educational levels of patients. They guide or instruct patients in subjects of elementary, secondary, or post secondary school levels to diminish emotional stress, provide a sense of achievement, or channel energies into acceptable forms of behavior.
Electric Accounting Machine Project Planner, GS-0362
Education: A bachelor's degree in any field of study.
Duties: Electric Accounting Machine Project Planners plan the work processes and sequence of steps involved in recording and processing data by means of electric accounting machines, e.g., mechanical tabulating equipment or unit record machines.
Electrical Engineer, GS-0850
Education: A bachelor's degree in engineering.
Duties: Electrical engineers perform engineering work that pertains primarily to electrical circuits, circuit elements, equipment, systems, and associated phenomena and their use in producing electrical energy for such things as heating, illumination, chemical processes, or the production of localized electric or magnetic fields.
Electronics Engineer, GS-0855
Education: A bachelor's degree in engineering.
Duties: Electronics engineers perform engineering work that pertains primarily to electronic circuits, circuit elements, equipment, systems, and associated phenomena and their use in such fields as communications, sensing, measurement, and navigation.
Employee Development Specialist, GS-0235 *
Education: A bachelor's degree in any field of study.
Duties: Employee development specialists provide guidance, consultation, and staff assistance to management concerning employee training and development matters.
Employee Relations Specialist, GS-0230 *
Education: A bachelor's degree in any field of study.
Duties: Employee relations specialists provide guidance and assistance to management officials on matters of employee relations. They provide advice on employee discipline, adverse actions, grievances and appeals, and related matters.
Entomologist, GS-0414
Education: A bachelor's degree in entomology; or a related discipline of the biological or physical sciences that includes at least 16 semester hours in entomology.
Duties: Entomologists perform professional and scientific work that deals with the characteristics and life processes of insects, the interrelationships between insect species, their relationships to other living forms, their reactions to and influence on the environment, and their impact on man's welfare. Research may be conducted to increase fundamental knowledge of insects, or may be concerned with insects of economic or medical importance and with the development, test, or application of methods for their propagation, eradication, or control.
Environmental Engineer, GS-0819
Education: A bachelor's degree in engineering.
Duties: Environmental engineers work to protect or improve air, land, and water resources to provide a clean and healthful environment primarily by controlling or eliminating pollutants.
Environmental Protection Specialist, GS-0028 *
Education: A bachelor's degree in any field of study.
Duties: Environmental protection specialists provide advice and assistance to state and local government agencies on matters relating to environmental protection. They determine the adequacy of plans developed by states to implement Federal environmental standards, prepare comments on environmental impact statements, conduct studies to identify environmental problems, and perform other work to help improve the quality of our environment.
Equal Employment Specialist, GS-0260
Education: A bachelor's degree in any field of study.
Duties: Equal employment specialists develop, administer, evaluate, or advise on the Federal Government's internal equal employment opportunity program within Federal agencies. They solve the specialized employment problems of women, minorities, veterans, the handicapped, persons over age forty, and others as they relate to Federal employment.
Equal Opportunity Specialist, GS-0360
Education: A bachelor's degree in any field of study.
Duties: Equal opportunity specialists perform analytical, evaluative, and interpretive equal opportunity and civil rights compliance work. They are concerned with the application of civil rights and equal opportunity laws, regulations, and precedent decisions to eliminate illegal discrimination and to remove barriers to equal opportunity. The work involves analyzing and solving equal opportunity and civil rights problems through factfinding, problem analysis, negotiation, and voluntary compliance programs.
Equipment Specialist, GS-1670
Education: A bachelor's degree in any field of study.
Duties: Equipment specialists collect and analyze specialized information about equipment; provide such information together with advisory service to those who design, product, operate, or repair equipment; and develop, install, or inspect equipment maintenance programs.
Facilities Management Specialist, GS-1640
Education: A bachelor's degree with major study in engineering, industrial arts, property management, or business administration.
Duties: Facilities management specialists manage the operation and maintenance of buildings, grounds, and other facilities such as posts, camps, depots, power plants, parks, forests, and roadways. Typically, these specialists direct a variety of trades and labor employees in accomplishing the operation and maintenance work.
Farm Credit Examiner, GS-0570
Education: A bachelor's degree with major study in accounting, banking, finance, business administration, commercial or banking law, economics, marketing, or another field related to the position being filled.
Duties: Farm credit examiners examine the operations of Federal land bank or production credit associations, Federal intermediate credit banks, Banks for Cooperatives, or Federal land banks to determine such things as financial condition, quantity of assets, extent of liabilities, and compliance with Federal laws and regulations.
Federal Retirement Benefits Specialist, GS-0270
Education: A bachelor's degree in any field of study.
Duties: Federal retirement benefits specialists perform work concerned with Federal retirement and insurance. They analyze, adjudicate, and reconsider retirement, disability, and survivor benefits applications and claims; represent the agency in appeals on retirement matters; audit the annuitant and survivor rolls and take actions to prevent fraudulent payments; provide guidance consultation, and staff assistance to agencies, former employees, annuitants, spouses, survivors, and eligible family members regarding retirement and insurance; formulate and evaluate program policies and functions; develop procedures, methods, work aids, technical guides, and other reference material for program operations; and develop and/or conduct program training.
Fiber Technologist, GS-1384
Education: A bachelor's degree in fiber technology, biology, chemistry, physics; or a related subject-matter field that includes at least 20 semester hours in fiber technology and related subjects.
Duties: Fiber technologists perform scientific and technological work concerned with fibers (plant, animal, and synthetic), including investigation, development, production, processing, evaluation, and application of fibers, yarns, fabrics and finishes.
Financial Analyst, GS-1160 *
Education: A bachelor's degree with major study in finance, business administration, economics, accounting, insurance, engineering, mathematics, banking and credit, law, real estate operations, statistics, or another field related to the position being filled, such as agriculture, agricultural economics, farm, livestock or ranch management, or rural sociology.
Duties: Financial analysts perform analytical and evaluative work regarding the full range of financial operations and transactions of private business corporate organizations. They analyze financial operations and practices of corporate organizations; pertinent statutory or regulatory provisions; and related basic economic, accounting, and legal principles.
Financial Institution Examiner, GS-0570
Education: A bachelor's degree with major study in accounting, banking, finance, business administration, commercial or banking law, economics, marketing, or another field related to the position being filled.
Duties: Farm credit examiners review the operations of miscellaneous financial institutions to determine such things as financial condition, quantity of assets, extent of liabilities, and compliance with Federal laws and regulations.
Fire Prevention Engineer, GS-0804
Education: A bachelor's degree in engineering.
Duties: Fire prevention engineers design, construct, inspect, test, operate, or maintain firefighting or fire prevention apparatus, appliances, devices and systems, or test fire resistant materials.
Fish and Wildlife Specialist, GS-0480
Education: A bachelor's degree in biological science, agriculture, natural resource management, chemistry, or a related discipline appropriate to the position being filled.
Duties: Fish and wildlife specialists perform professional and scientific work in administering or directing programs, regulatory activities, projects, or operations that are concerned with the conservation and management of fishery resources, wildlife resources, or fish and wildlife resources.
Fishery Biologist, GS-0482
Education: A bachelor's degree in biological science that includes: (a) at least 6 semester hours in aquatic subjects such as limnology, ichthyology, fishery biology, aquatic botany, aquatic fauna, oceanography, fish culture, or related courses in the field of fishery biology; and (b) at least 12 semester hours in the animal sciences in such subjects as general zoology, vertebrate zoology, comparative anatomy, physiology, entomology, parasitology, ecology, cellular biology, genetics, or research in these fields. Excess course work in aquatic subjects may be used to meet this requirement when appropriate.
Duties: Fishery biologists study the life histories, habits, classification, and economic relations of aquatic organisms. Some manage Federal fish hatcheries. Others manage fish habitat on Federal land. They also conduct research to determine the interrelations between species of fish, the effect of environmental changes on the survival and growth of fish, or devise methods to regulate fishing to secure a sustained maximum yield.
Food Inspector, GS-1863
Education: A bachelor's degree in any field provided that such study includes at least 24 semester hours in one or in any combination of the following subjects: biology, chemistry, zoology, veterinary medicine, food technology, or appropriate agricultural subjects.
Duties: Food inspectors inspect the slaughter, processing, packaging, shipping, and storing of meat and meat products, poultry and poultry products, fish and fish products, and meat products derived from equines to assure compliance with Federal law and regulations regarding food handling and sanitation.
Food Technologist, GS-1382
Education: A bachelor's degree in food technology, or dairy technology, microbiology, biology, chemistry, physics, or a related discipline or field of biological or physical science. The course work must be comprised of at least 30 semester hours in the basic biological and physical sciences, and include at least 20 semester hours in food technology and closely related subjects, or 20 semester hours in subjects that can be applied directly to food technology.
Duties: Food technologists study and analyze problems relating to the development, improvement, and evaluation of food products; their production, utilization, processing and preservation; and the utilization or disposal of by-products.
Foreign Affairs Specialist, GS-0130
Education: A bachelor's degree with major or equivalent, or a combination of courses totaling at least 24 semester hours in international law and international relations, political science, economics, history, sociology, geography, social or cultural anthropology, law, statistics, or in the humanities; or 12 semester hours in one of the above disciplines and 12 semester hours in statistics/quantitative methods.
Duties: Foreign affairs specialists perform research or otherwise study and collect information bearing on international relations.
Forest Products Technologist, GS-1380
Education: A bachelor's degree in wood technology, wood utilization, forestry, biological science, chemistry, physics, mathematics, engineering, or a related discipline or field of science that includes at least 20 semester hours in appropriate forest products technology courses.
Duties: Forest products technologists perform duties concerned with the development, improvement, and utilization of wood or wood products, including the study of preservation and treatment methods, the processing and production of wood products, the properties and structure of wood, and the production of lumber.
Forester, GS-0460
Education: A bachelor's degree in forestry; or in a related field that includes 30 semester hours in any combination of biological, physical, or mathematical sciences or engineering, of which 24 semester hours are in forestry. The curriculum must be sufficiently diversified to include courses in each of the following areas: (a) management of renewable resources, including such courses as silviculture, forest management operations, timber management, wildland fire science or management, utilization of forest resources, forest regulation, recreational land management, watershed management, and wildlife or range habitat management; (b) forest biology, including such courses as dendrology, forest ecology, silvics, forest genetics, wood structure and properties, forest soils, forest entomology, and forest pathology; and (c) forest resource measurements and inventory, including such courses as forest biometrics, forest mensuration, forest valuation, statistical analysis of forest resource data, renewable natural resources inventories and analysis, and photogrammetry or remote sensing.
Duties: Foresters manage, utilize, conserve, and otherwise provide for multiple use, yet sustained yield of natural resources (timber, soil, land, water, wildlife and fish habitat, minerals, forage, and outdoor recreation) from National Forests and other Federal lands. They act to protect resources against fire, insects, diseases, floods, and erosion.
General Engineer, GS-0801
Education: A bachelor's degree in engineering.
Duties: Duties of a general engineer vary with each job. The word "general" denotes a combination of duties from two or more engineering disciplines. For example, one general engineer position may be a combination of work in the electrical and electronics engineering fields. Another may be a combination of civil, mechanical and petroleum engineering.
General Supply Specialist, GS-2001 *
Education: A bachelor's degree in any field of study.
Duties: General supply specialists manage supply programs, or perform a combination of technical work covered in two or more technical areas of supply management.
Geneticist, GS-0440
Education: A bachelor's degree in genetics; or one of the basic biological sciences that includes at least 9 semester hours in genetics.
Duties: Geneticists perform professional research in the principles and mechanisms or transmission of characters by inheritance, including in some instances the application of these principles in planning breeding programs.
Geodesist, GS-1372
Education: A bachelor's degree in geodesy; or 30 semester hours in any combination of geodesy, mathematics, physics, astronomy, engineering science, surveying, geodetic surveying, photogrammetry, or geophysics. The course work must include differential and integral calculus.
Duties: Geodesists determine the size and shape of the earth and its gravitational field, measure the intensity and direction of the force of gravity, and determine the horizontal and vertical positions of points on the earth and in space when consideration of the earth is required.
Geographer, GS-0150
Education: A bachelor's degree in geography; or related physical or social science such as geology, meteorology, economics, statistics, sociology, anthropology, political science, history, cartography, computer science, urban studies, or planning that includes at least 24 semester hours in geography or related fields.
Duties: Geographers compile, analyze, interpret, and present information regarding the location, distribution, and interrelationships of processes of change affecting such natural and human phenomena as the physical features of the earth, climate, plant and animal life, and human settlements and institutions.
Geologist, GS-1350
Education: A bachelor's degree in geology, plus 20 additional semester hours in any combination of mathematics, physics, chemistry, biological science, structural, chemical, civil, mining or petroleum engineering, computer science, planetary geology, comparative planetology, geophysics, meteorology, hydrology, oceanography, physical geography, marine geology, and cartography.
Duties: Geologists map surficial deposits, bedrock, subsurface phenomena, and mineral deposits; make and record geological field observations and collecting samples for laboratory analyses; devise field and laboratory techniques and methods for use in the study of geologic phenomena, processes, and changes; and make special studies of the characteristics, occurrences and distribution of mineral deposits, glaciers, and other geologic phenomena.
Geophysicist, GS-1313
Education: A bachelor's degree that includes at least 30 semester hours in mathematics (including calculus), and the physical sciences (geophysics, physics, engineering, geology, astronomy, meteorology, electronics, etc.). Duties: Geophysicists analyze, evaluate, and interpret geophysical phenomena and artificially applied forces and fields related to the structure, composition, and physical properties of the earth and its atmosphere.
Grain Marketing Specialist, GS-1146 *
Education: A bachelor's degree with major study in marketing, economics, business administration, agriculture, agricultural economics, agricultural business, accounting, statistics, mathematics, commerce, transportation, food processing, horticulture, botany, agronomy, or another related field.
Duties: Grain marketing specialists perform research, or conduct analytical, regulatory, or other specialized work concerned with the marketing of grain commodities or products.
Guidance Counselor, GS-1740
Education: A bachelor's degree that includes or is supplemented by at least 24 semester hours appropriate to the position to be filled in one or a combination of the following areas: tests and measurement, adult education, educational program administration, curriculum development or design, teaching methods, guidance and counseling, career planning, and occupational information. At least one course must be in either tests and measurement or adult education. Also, a college or university-sponsored practicum in counseling is required.
Duties: Guidance counselors counsel students on their potential educational and vocational capabilities, needs, and available means of meeting them; and analyzing and interpreting test data for application to individual educational plans.
Health Physicist, GS-1306
Education: A bachelor's degree in natural science or engineering that includes at least 30 semester hours in health physics, physics, chemistry, biology, engineering, radiological science, mathematics, and/or calculus.
Duties: Health physicists perform scientific or other research work to develop better ways of protecting people and the environment from unwarranted exposure to ionizing radiation.
Health System Specialist, GS-0671
Education: A bachelor's degree with major study in hospital administration, public health administration, or a related field such as business or public administration with course work in health care administration.
Duties: Health system specialists provide support to health care management officials by analyzing, evaluating, advising on and/or coordinating health care delivery systems and operations.
Highway Safety Specialist, GS-2125 *
Education: A bachelor's degree with major study in accounting, business administration, business or commercial law, commerce, economics, engineering, finance, industrial management, statistics, traffic management, transportation, motor mechanics, public administration, hazardous materials management, or another field related to the position being filled.
Duties: Highway safety specialists develop and administer highway safety regulations, standards, and programs. They conduct studies to identify current highway safety problems and evaluate the effectiveness of highway safety programs and methods. They also provide State and local governments or others with technical assistance in planning, developing, monitoring, funding, managing, promoting, or evaluating highway safety programs.
Historian, GS-0170
Education: A bachelor's degree in history; or related field that includes at least 18 semester hours in history.
Duties: Historians plan and carry out research or other historical work. They locate historical evidence, establish and analyze historical facts, determine their interrelationships, and present results of their study in written form.
Home Economist, GS-0493
Education: A bachelor's degree in home economics; or a related discipline or field of science that includes at least 20 semester hours in or directly applicable to foods and nutrition, home management and household economics, housing and household equipment, textiles and clothing, or child and family development.
Duties: Home economists investigate consumer habits and changing patterns of family living. They study diets and the nutritional values of different foods. Others administer programs to advise, inform, and instruct the public, consumer groups, and homemakers regarding home and family management, including foods and nutrition, selection and use of household equipment, textiles, clothing and other products used in family care, and household management practices.
Horticulturist, GS-0437
Education: A bachelor's degree in horticulture; or a related discipline of basic plant science that includes at least 30 semester hours in the basic plant sciences, of which at least 16 semester hours are in horticultural subjects such as those dealing with the breeding, care, management, production, and post harvest handling of horticultural crops.
Duties: Horticulturists perform research or other professional and scientific work in the behavior, breeding, or culture of fruits, vegetables, flowers, or ornamental trees and shrubs, and in allied problems of their production, storage, and handling.
Hospital Housekeeping Program Specialist, GS-0673 *
Education: A bachelor's degree with major study in chemistry or biological sciences, sanitary science or administration, institutional sanitation or administration, hospital administration, hotel administration, public administration, business administration, or another field related to the position being filled.
Duties: Hospital housekeeping program specialists direct hospital housekeeping programs to assure that environmental sanitation is kept bacteriologically as well as visually clean.
Housing Management Specialist, GS-1173 *
Education: A bachelor's degree in any field of study.
Duties: Housing management specialists manage the operations of Federal housing projects or provide advice and technical assistance, review, and evaluation of housing management programs, either those of local housing authorities or Federal agencies.
Hydrologist, GS-1315
Education: A bachelor's degree in physical or natural science, or engineering that includes at least 30 semester hours in any combination of courses in hydrology, the physical sciences, geophysics, chemistry, engineering science, mathematics, aquatic biology, atmospheric science, meteorology, geology, oceanography, soils, or the management or conservation of water resources. The course work must include at least 6 semester hours in calculus (including both differential and integral calculus), and at least 6 semester hours in physics.
Duties: Hydrologists study water in the hydrologic cycle. They collect, measure, analyze, evaluate, and interpret information on water and water resources; forecast water supply and waterflows; and develop or adapt new, improved, or more economical water measuring methods, techniques, and instruments.
Illustrator, GS-1020
Education: A bachelor's degree with major study in illustrative design, commercial art, fine arts, industrial design, architecture, drafting, interior design, appropriate history or scientific subjects, visual communication, or another related field. Some positions may also require subject-matter knowledge of medicine, science, or technical equipment.
Duties: Illustrators create illustrations using art media such as pen, pencil, tempera, oils, or air brush. Some illustrators make line drawings and exploded views of technical equipment. Others prepare medical and scientific illustrations.
Immigration Inspector, GS-1816 *
Education: A bachelor's degree in any field of study.
Duties: Immigration inspectors interview persons who seek to enter, reside in, or pass through the United States. They inspect records of their citizenship and status to determine whether they are legally eligible to enter. They also examine applications for benefits and privileges under immigration laws in connection with entry into the United States.
Import Specialist, GS-1889 *
Education: A bachelor's degree in any field of study.
Duties: Import specialists examine import entry documents; classify merchandise under the tariff schedules of the United States; determine the appraised unit value of merchandise; analyze all documents and supporting papers relating to imports; determine duties and applicable taxes due; enforce import restrictions and prohibitions; and report violations of trade mark, copyright, and marking laws.
Industrial Engineer, GS-0896
Education: A bachelor's degree in engineering.
Duties: Industrial engineers analyze, design, and install integrated systems of employees, materials, and equipment to produce a product or provide a service.
Industrial Hygienist, GS-0690
Education: A bachelor's degree in industrial hygiene; or a branch of engineering, physical science, or life science that includes 12 semester hours in chemistry, including organic chemistry, and 18 semester hours of courses in any combination of chemistry, physics, engineering, health physics, environmental health, biostatistics, biology, physiology, toxicology, epidemiology or industrial hygiene. Courses in the history or teaching of chemistry are not acceptable.
Duties: Industrial hygienists work to prevent occupational diseases by controlling the work environment. They identify workplace conditions that affect the health and efficiency of employees, eliminate disease hazards, and promote industrial health programs to prevent as well as correct health hazards.
Industrial Property Management Specialist, GS-1103 *
Education: A bachelor's degree with major study in business administration, accounting, law, marketing, statistics, production management, industrial management, or another field related to the position being filled.
Duties: Industrial property management specialists administer contract provisions relating to control of government property in the possession of contractors, from acquisition through disposition. Some specialists may perform staff leadership and technical guidance over property administration.
Industrial Specialist, GS-1150 *
Education: A bachelor's degree with major study in business administration, industrial management, engineering, applied sciences, or another field related to the position being filled.
Duties: Industrial specialists develop and carry out plans to expand, convert, or utilize industrial production facilities; furnish assistance to private industry concerning facilities, machinery, materials and standards for industrial production; develop provisions or regulations for tariffs and export-import controls; conduct surveys of industrial plants to evaluate capacity and potential; and evaluate Government operated plants.
Instructional Systems Specialist, GS-1750
Education: A bachelor's degree that includes or is supplemented by at least 24 semester hours appropriate to the work of the position to be filled. The course work must include study in at least four of the following five areas: (a) learning theory, psychology of learning, or educational psychology; (b) instructional design practices; (c) educational evaluation; (d) instructional product development; and (e) computers in education and training. Agencies my sometimes require course work in an applicable functional area as part of the required 24 semester hours.
Duties: Instructional systems specialists advise on, design, develop, or provide educational or training services in formal education or training programs.
Insurance Examiner, GS-1163 *
Education: A bachelor's degree with major study in finance, business administration, economics, accounting, insurance, engineering, mathematics, banking and credit, law, real estate operations, statistics, or another field related to the position being filled, such as agriculture, agricultural economics, farm, livestock or ranch management, or rural sociology.
Duties: Insurance examiners perform work involved in insuring persons or property. They determine that adequate insurance to protect government or private interests has been provided and, as appropriate, settle claims arising under insurance contracts.
Intelligence Specialist, GS-0132 *
Education: A bachelor's degree in any field of study.
Duties: Intelligence specialists collect, interpret, evaluate, and disseminate information on political, economic, social, cultural, physical, geographic, scientific, or military conditions, trends, and forces in foreign and domestic areas that directly or indirectly affect the national security.
Interior Designer, GS-1008
Education: A bachelor's degree with major study in interior design or another field that includes or is supplemented by 30 semester hours in interior design, interior architecture, or interior environmental design.
Duties: Interior designers design Federal workplace interior environments to promote employee productivity and the health and welfare of employees and the public. They investigate, identify, and document client needs; analyze needs, propose options and, working with the clients, develop specific solutions. They also develop design documents, including contract working drawings and specifications; and, as appropriate, manage design projects.
Internal Revenue Agent, GS-0512
Education: A bachelor's degree in accounting or auditing; or a degree in a related field such as business administration, finance, or public administration that includes or is supplemented by 24 semester hours in accounting and auditing. The 24 hours may include up to 6 hours of credit in business law.
Duties: Internal revenue agents perform work involved in determining, redetermining, or advising on the liability of individuals, corporations, etc., for Federal or District of Columbia taxes.
Internal Revenue Officer, GS-1169 *
Education: A bachelor's degree in any field of study.
Duties: Internal revenue officers collect delinquent taxes, canvass for unreported taxes due, and secure delinquent tax returns. They obtain and analyze financial information on business situations, establish liability for and impose various penalties under the Internal Revenue Code, serve summons and perform other duties under national tax laws.
International Relations Specialist, GS-0131
Education: A bachelor's degree with major or equivalent, or a combination of courses totaling at least 24 semester hours in international law and international relations, political science, economics, history, sociology, geography, social or cultural anthropology, law, statistics, or in the humanities; or 12 semester hours in one of the above disciplines and 12 semester hours in statistics/quantitative methods.
Duties: International relations specialists work with elected and appointed officials in formulating and implementing foreign policy of the United States, primarily of a politico-economic nature.
Inventory Management Specialist, GS-2010 *
Education: A bachelor's degree in any field of study.
Duties: Inventory management specialists manage, regulate, or otherwise exercise control over supplies, equipment, or other materiel. Control relates to any one or more phases of materiel management from initial planning, up to ultimate issue for consumption, retention, or disposal.
Investigator, GS-1810 *
Education: A bachelor's degree in any field of study.
Duties: Investigators plan and conduct investigations covering the character, practices, suitability, or qualifications of persons or organizations seeking, claiming, or receiving Federal benefits, permits, or employment when the results of the investigation are used to make or invoke administrative judgments, sanctions, or penalties.
Investment Company Examiner, GS-0570 *
Education: A bachelor's degree with major study in accounting, banking, business administration, commercial or banking law, economics, finance, marketing, or another f>
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lled.Duties: Farm credit examiners examine the operations of investment companies engaged in financing small business enterprises to determine such things as financial condition, quantity of assets, extent of liabilities, and compliance with Federal laws and regulations.
IRS Special Agent, GS-1811
Education: A bachelor's degree with major study in accounting, auditing, business administration, or other related education that includes at least 15 semester hours in accounting, and 9 semester hours from among the following or closely related fields: finance, economics, business law, tax law, or money and banking.
Duties: IRS special agents are criminal investigators within the Internal Revenue Service. Investigations conducted by these agents are peculiar to the IRS, e.g., alleged tax evasion.
Labor Management Relations Examiner, GS-0244 *
Education: A bachelor's degree with major study in labor relations, industrial relations, personnel administration, business administration, economics, labor economics, labor law, political science, accounting, or law.
Duties: Labor management relations examiners investigate and resolve cases involving charges of unfair labor practices or collective bargaining representation issues or disputes that arise under the National Labor Relations Act.
Labor Relations Specialist, GS-0233 *
Education: A bachelor's degree in any field of study.
Duties: Labor relations specialists maintain effective relationships with labor organizations that represent Federal employees, negotiate and administer labor agreements, and confer with unions on matters pertaining to labor relations.
Land Law Examiner, GS-0965 *
Education: A bachelor's degree in any field of study.
Duties: Land law examiners process, adjudicate, and advise on applications and claims for rights, privileges, gratuities, or other benefits authorized under the various Federal public land, mineral leasing, and mining laws.
Land Surveyor, GS-1373
Education: A bachelor's degree in land surveying; or civil engineering with a surveying option/emphasis. The civil engineering major must include at least 6 semester hours of surveying, 3 semester hours of land law, and 21 additional semester hours in any combination of the following: surveying, photogrammetry, geodetic surveying, geodesy, route surveying, remote sensing, cartography, survey astronomy, land information systems, computer-aided mapping, aerial photo interpretation, and survey analysis and adjustments.
Duties: Land surveyors establish, investigate, and reestablish land boundaries, and prepare plats and legal descriptions for tracts of land.
Landscape Architect, GS-0807
Education: A bachelor's degree in landscape architecture or landscape design.
Duties: Landscape architects plan and design land areas as part of total engineering construction projects. They analyze land characteristics, operational requirements, land-use intensities, and commensurate land values and assure the efficient correlation of ground and water forms, plant forms, structures, roads, and walks to serve esthetic, functional, economic, and other interrelated purposes.
Language Specialist, GS-1040
Education: A bachelor's degree in the appropriate foreign language from an English-speaking college or university, English from a college or university in the other country, or translating or interpreting where English and the foreign language are prerequisites.
Duties: Language specialists translate and interpret foreign languages into English or English into a foreign language.
Librarian, GS-1410
Education: A bachelor's degree in library science, plus one full year of graduate study in library science. Most librarians enter the Federal Service at grade GS-9 on the basis of a master's degree in library science.
Duties: Librarians collect, organize, preserve, and retrieve printed, written, audio-visual, film, wax, magnetic tape, or other media. They also perform typical bibliographic, readers' advisory, reference and literature searching services.
Loan Specialist, GS-1165 *
Education: A bachelor's degree with major study in finance, business administration, economics, accounting, insurance, engineering, mathematics, banking and credit, law, real estate operations, statistics, or another field related to the position, such as agriculture, agricultural economics, farm, livestock or ranch management, or rural sociology.
Duties: Loan specialists evaluate credit risk factors involved in loans of specialized types that are granted, insured, or guaranteed by the Federal government.
Logistics Management Specialist, GS-0346 *
Education: A bachelor's degree in any field of study.
Duties: Logistics management specialists plan and coordinate support activities to provide money, personnel, material, facilities, and services to support specified missions. They monitor progress toward meeting their plans and initiate expediting actions to avoid delays.
Management Analyst, GS-0343 *
Education: A bachelor's degree in any field of study.
Duties: Management analysts conduct studies to improve the effectiveness of government work methods and procedures, organizations, personnel utilization, and similar functions of management.
Manpower Analysis Specialist, GS-0140
Education: A bachelor's degree that includes at least 30 semester hours in one or a combination of the following: sociology, psychology, economics, political science, or allied social science subjects that are especially pertinent to knowledge and understanding of employment and training programs.
Duties: Manpower analysis specialists perform manpower program development and evaluation work for the purpose of further developing and utilizing the nation's manpower resources.
Manpower Development Specialist, GS-0142 *
Education: A bachelor's degree in any field of study.
Duties: Manpower development specialists administer federally funded programs to provide employment assistance to disadvantaged persons and groups. They provide education and training, counseling, and other assistance needed to help clients find suitable, stable jobs.
Manual Arts Therapist, GS-0637
Education: A bachelor's degree in industrial arts technology, industrial education, manual arts therapy, vocational rehabilitation/counseling/work adjustment/evaluation.
Duties: Manual arts therapists evaluate vocational potential of medical patients; devise projects and equipment to maintain or improve their skills and promote recovery; and evaluate patients' ability to work in an actual or simulated work environment. Some participate in the rehabilitation of blind patients.
Marine Cargo Specialist, GS-2161
Education: A bachelor's degree with major study in accounting, business administration, business or commercial law, commerce, economics, engineering, finance, industrial management, statistics, traffic management, transportation, motor mechanics, or another field related to the position being filled.
Duties: Marine cargo specialists monitor or perform work involved in planning and/or directing the loading and stowage of cargo aboard vessels and the unloading of cargo from vessels.
Marine Information Specialist, GS-1361
Education: A bachelor's degree with major study in navigation, mathematics, physics, astronomy, geography, meteorology, engineering, cartography, or another subject related to aeronautical or marine navigation and operations.
Duties: Marine information specialists collect, evaluate, select, and prepare vital marine information for dissemination in official publications concerning safe navigation and related operations.
Materials Engineer, GS-0806
Education: A bachelor's degree in engineering.
Duties: Materials engineers are concerned primarily with the properties, processing, uses, and inservice behavior of engineering materials. Materials include, but are not limited to, aerospace metals and polymers, ceramics, pavements, petroleum, plastics, refractory compounds, metals, rubber, textiles, and wood.
Mathematical Statistician, GS-1529
Education: A bachelor's degree that includes 24 semester hours of mathematics and statistics, of which at least 12 semester hours are in mathematics and 6 semester hours are in statistics.
Duties: Mathematical statisticians design, develop and adapt mathematical methods and techniques to statistical processes, or research in the basic theories and science of statistics.
Mathematician, GS-1520
Education: A bachelor's degree in mathematics, or the equivalent of a major that includes at least 24 semester hours in mathematics.
Duties: Mathematicians perform work that includes research on basic mathematical principles, methods, procedures, techniques or relationships or the development of mathematical methods in the solution of a variety of scientific, engineering, economic, and military problems.
Mechanical Engineer, GS-0830
Education: A bachelor's degree in engineering.
Duties: Mechanical engineers apply thermodynamics, mechanics, and other physical, mathematical and engineering sciences to problems concerned with the production, transmission, measurement, and use of energy, especially heat and mechanical power.
Medical Officer, GS-0602
Education: A doctor of medicine degree from a school in the United States or Canada, or any other school if equivalent education and training were received.
Duties: Medical officers provide direct medical services to patients. They also perform research and experimental work; conduct disability evaluations and ratings of employees; develop medical policy and regulations with respect to foods and therapeutic efficacy and safety of drugs, cosmetics, and devices; perform medico-legal autopsies; administer Federal-aid medical programs; and train interns, medical residents, and other federal medical officers.
Medical Record Librarian, GS-0669
Education: A bachelor's degree in a medical record administration program.
Duties: Medical records librarians maintain diagnostic and therapeutic medical records. They organize and manage programs, advise researchers or hospital staff members on methods of recording or retrieving materials and data, and provide advice on medical record matters involving medico-legal problems.
Medical Technologist, GS-0644
Education: A bachelor's degree in medical technology, chemistry, or biology that includes or is supplemented by at least: (a) 16 semester hours of biological science of which at least one course is in microbiology and one in immunology; (b) 16 semester hour of chemistry of which one course is in organic or biochemistry; and (c) three semester hours in mathematics. For some positions the immunology requirement may be met by any course that covers the following topic areas: definition and relationships of antigens and antibodies; host-antigen interactions; bursal and thymic influences on lymphoid cells; and humoral and cellular response mechanisms.
Duties: Medical technologists perform clinical laboratory testing of human blood, urine, and other body fluids of tissues; confirm test results and develop data used by physicians in determining the presence and extent of disease or in support of medical research; modify or design laboratory procedures; establish and monitor quality control systems and measures; and provide instruction in the basic theory, technical skills, and application of laboratory test procedures.
Metallurgist, GS-1321
Education: A bachelor's degree in metallurgy or metallurgical engineering that includes at least 20 semester hours in metallurgical subjects.
Duties: Metallurgists study the extraction of metals from their ores, how they are refined, alloyed, and prepared for use, and their properties and behavior as affected by composition, treatment in manufacturing, and conditions of use.
Meteorologist, GS-1340
Education: A bachelor's degree in meteorology, atmospheric science or other natural science major that includes: (a) at least 20 semester hours in meteorology/atmospheric science, including a minimum of 6 semester hours of weather analysis and forecasting, and 6 semester hours of dynamic meteorology; (b) 6 semester hours of college physics; and (c) differential and integral calculus.
Duties: Meteorologists perform basic and applied research into the conditions and phenomena of the atmosphere; collect, analyze, evaluate and interpret meteorological data to predict weather for specific geographical areas; and develop or improve meteorological methods, techniques, and instruments.
Microbiologist, GS-0403
Education: A bachelor's degree in microbiology; or biology, chemistry, or basic medical science that includes at least 20 semester hours in microbiology and other subjects related to the study of microorganisms, and 20 semester hours in the physical and mathematical sciences combining course work in organic chemistry or biochemistry, physics, and college algebra, or their equivalent.
Duties: Microbiologists study the characteristics of microorganisms. This includes working in such fields as immunology, parasitology, physiology, and cytology; studying the distribution of microorganisms in the environment and their reaction to physical and chemical factors; and developing scientific procedures for producing and using microorganisms in agricultural and other fields.
Military Personnel Management Specialist, GS-0205 *
Education: A bachelor's degree in any field of study.
Duties: Military personnel management specialists direct or assist in directing military personnel programs. They provide advise on or perform work related to specialized military personnel research work.
Mine Safety and Health Inspector, GS-1822
Education: A bachelor's degree in any field provided that such study includes at least 9 semester hours in mining engineering, civil engineering, mechanical engineering, electrical engineering, industrial hygiene, construction management, physical, life, or earth sciences, mathematics, safety, or other course work related to the position to be filled.
Duties: Mine safety and health inspectors enforce safety and health laws, regulations, and standards in metal and mineral mines other than coal.
Mine Safety and Health Specialist, GS-1822
Education: A bachelor's degree in any field of study.
Duties: Mine safety and health specialists promote and enforce mine safety and health other than by conducting inspections and investigations. They develop mine safety and health standards, policies, guidelines, and regulations; determine proposed civil penalties for violations; review and adjust proposed civil penalties; and advise on the application and implementation of safety and health standards.
Mining Engineer, GS-0880
Education: A bachelor's degree in engineering.
Duties: Mining engineers perform engineering work concerned with the search for and efficient remove and transportation of ore to the point of use; conservation and development of mineral lands, materials, and deposits; and the health and safety of mine workers.
Motor Carrier Safety Specialist, GS-2123
Education: A bachelor's degree with major study in accounting, business administration, business or commercial law, commerce, economics, engineering, finance, industrial management, statistics, traffic management, transportation, motor mechanics, or another field related to the position being filled.
Duties: Motor carrier safety specialists promote or enforce Federal laws, standards, and regulations related to the safe operation of commercial motor vehicles on the public highways. They promote safe operating practices and enforce compliance by shippers of hazardous materials; investigate motor carrier accidents; develop regulations and standards; and provide technical assistance to the industry and other jurisdictions involved in motor carrier safety.
Museum Curator, GS-1015
Education: A bachelor's degree in museum work; or in an applicable subject matter field.
Duties: Museum curators study, conduct research, and write articles about historic, scientific, or technical subject matters of museums; arrange for the use of museum collection by other researchers; provide for the conservation, storage, cataloging, and indexing of the material that makes up museum collections; and identify and/or authenticate museum objects or specimens.
Museum Specialist, GS-1016
Education: A bachelor's degree with major study or 24 semester hours of course work in art, history, museum studies, scientific subjects, or other courses related to the position being filled.
Duties: Museum specialists operate public museums or manage museum collections.
Naval Architect, GS-0871
Education: A bachelor's degree in engineering.
Duties: Naval architects perform professional engineering work in the field of naval architecture that primarily concerns the form, strength, stability, performance, and operational characteristics of ships.
Nuclear Engineer, GS-0840
Education: A bachelor's degree in engineering.
Duties: Nuclear engineers develop, design, test, install, operate, refuel, and maintain equipment and systems that release, control, or utilize nuclear energy.
Nurse, GS-0610
Education: A bachelor's degree in nursing.
Duties: Nurses care for patients in hospitals, clinics, health units, homes, schools, and communities. They administer anesthetic agents and supportive treatments to patients undergoing surgery or other medical procedures, promote better health practices, teach, perform research, or provide advise and assistance to other nurses or health care personnel.
Nutritionist, GS-0630
Education: A bachelor's degree in dietetics, food, nutrition, food service management, institution management, or related science.
Duties: Nutritionists develop standards, guides, and educational and informational material for use in federally funded or operated nutrition programs. They participate in research activities involving basic or applied research; or provide training and consultation in nutrition.
Occupational Analyst, GS-0222 *
Education: A bachelor's degree in any field of study.
Duties: Occupational analysts review, code, and describe duties and responsibilities of positions in or outside the Federal service and qualifications required for their full performance.
Occupational Therapist, GS-0631
Education: A bachelor's degree in an occupational therapy curriculum approved by the American Occupational Therapy Association at the time the curriculum is completed, and the clinical affiliation requirements prescribed by the school. The degree may also be a post-baccalaureate certificate program, or an entry-level master's program.
Duties: Occupational therapists provide clinical services, supervise or train students and therapists, or perform research with people who have impaired capacities for performing activities appropriate to their age group.
Oceanographer, GS-1360
Education: A bachelor's degree with major study of at least 24 semester hours in oceanography or a related discipline such as physics, meteorology, geophysics, mathematics, chemistry, engineering, geology, or biology, plus 20 semester hours in any combination of oceanography, physics, geophysics, chemistry, mathematics, meteorology, computer science, and engineering sciences.
Duties: Oceanographers collect, measure, analyze, evaluate, and interpret natural and physical ocean phenomena, such as currents, circulations, waves, beach and near-shore processes, chemical structure and processes, physical and submarine features, depth, floor configuration, sediments and other phenomena, to interpret, predict, utilize and control ocean forces and events.
Operations Research Analyst, GS-1515
Education: A bachelor's degree in operations research; or at least 24 semester hours in any combination of operations research, mathematics, probability, statistics, mathematical logic, science, and subject-matter courses requiring substantial competence in college-level mathematics or statistics. At least 3 of the 24 semester hours must be in calculus.
Duties: Operations research analysts design, develop and adapt mathematical, statistical, econometric, and other scientific methods and techniques to analyze problems of management and to provide advice and insight about the probable effects of alternative solutions to these problems.
Optometrist, GS-0662
Education: A Doctor of Optometry (OD) degree accredited by the Council on Optometric Education. Also, a current license to practice optometry in a State, the District of Columbia, or a territory is required, except for those research positions that do not entail patient care responsibilities.
Duties: Optometrists examine and analyze the eye for diseases and defects and prescribe correctional lenses or exercises.
Orthotist, GS-0667
Education: A bachelor's degree with major study in prosthetics and orthotics.
Duties: Orthotists design, fabricate, and fit orthoses (braces and orthopedic shoes).
Outdoor Recreation Planner, GS-0023 *
Education: A bachelor's degree with major study in outdoor recreation planning or a closely related field, such as: sociology, forestry, landscape architecture, economics, biological science, park administration, earth science, natural resources management and conservation, civil engineering, urban planning, or recreation. Applicants who qualify on the basis of graduate work in a related discipline must have one or more courses in outdoor recreation.
Duties: Outdoor recreation planners determine how Federal land, water, and related natural resources can be used for public leisure time outdoor activities. They appraise the need for new or expanded resources, develop plans to meet the recreation needs of the public, and monitor or supervise outdoor recreation programs.
Packaging Specialist, GS-2032 *
Education: A bachelor's degree in any field of study.
Duties: Packaging specialists plan, design, and develop packages and packaging methods to protect supplies, materials, and equipment between the time of purchase and use, including prevention of environmental and mechanical damage during handling, shipping, and storage.
Paralegal Specialist, GS-0950 *
Education: A bachelor's degree in any field of study.
Duties: Paralegal specialists analyze legal decisions and other legal material, and prepare digests of points of law involved. They compile information on statutes, treaties, contracts, other legal instruments, and specific legal subjects; prepare cases for civil litigation, criminal law proceedings, or agency hearings; and analyze other facts and legal questions.
Park Ranger, GS-0025 *
Education: A bachelor's degree with major study in natural resources management, natural sciences, earth sciences, history, archeology, anthropology, park and recreation management, law enforcement/police science, social sciences, museum sciences, business administration, public administration, behavioral sciences, sociology, or another closely related subject pertinent to the management and protection of natural and cultural resources. Course work in a field other than those specified may be accepted if it clearly provides the background of knowledge and skills necessary for successful job performance in the position being filled.
Duties: Park rangers manage national parks and park programs. They protect and conserve the natural, cultural, and historical resources of national parks while, at the same time, trying to meet the public's needs for recreational, inspirational, and educational outdoor experiences in a natural environment.
Passport Examiner, GS-0967 *
Education: A bachelor's degree in any field of study.
Duties: Passport examiners review, evaluate, and examine applications for United States passports and other privileges and services that involve citizenship determinations.
Patent Advisor, GS-1221
Education: A bachelor's degree in a scientific, technological, or engineering field pertinent to the position being filled, e.g., chemistry or physics.
Duties: Patent advisors prepare and prosecute applications for patents; prepare and present briefs and arguments and prosecute appeals and interferences before the Patent Office; make infringement investigations, and render opinions on the validity of patents.
Patent Attorney, GS-1222
Education: There are no published standard qualification requirements for patent attorney positions. Agencies are permitted to establish the qualification requirements for their own jobs. Generally, however, a degree in law is qualifying at the GS-9 entry grade level.
Duties: Patent attorneys perform professional legal, scientific, or technical work concerning patents. They render opinions on validity and infringement of patents, negotiate patent licenses, settle patent claims, negotiate patent clauses in contracts, provide professional legal advice to contracting officers and other procurement personnel on patent matters, and prepare and/or present briefs and arguments before the Patent Office or before the Federal Courts. They also perform similar professional legal functions regarding trade-marks.
Patent Classifier, GS-1223
Education: Applicants for patent classifier positions must meet the basic requirements for the scientific, technological, or engineering occupation related to the area for which they are examining patents. Those requirements are described in the individual occupational requirements for the particular job title, e.g., chemist, food technologist, engineer, etc.
Duties: Patent classifiers develop and/or administer systems for classifying, for patent purposes, the technological knowledge embodied in United States patents and related materials.
Patent Examiner, GS-1224
Education: Applicants for patent examiner positions must meet the basic requirements for the scientific, technological, or engineering occupation related to the area for which they are examining patents. Those requirements are described in the individual occupational requirements for the particular job title, e.g., chemist, food technologist, engineer, etc.
Duties: Patent examiners perform professional, scientific, technological, and legal work involved in the examination and disposition of applications for patents, exclusive of design patents, to determine the grant or denial of patents based on such applications, and in the adjudication of petitions and appeals from decisions on such applications.
Personnel Management Specialist, GS-0201 *
Education: A bachelor's degree in any field of study.
Duties: Personnel management specialists direct personnel programs or advise on, perform, or provide staff leadership and technical guidance for general personnel management work.
Personnel Staffing Specialist, GS-0212 *
Education: A bachelor's degree in any field of study.
Duties: Personnel staffing specialists recruit, examine, and assure the proper hiring of applicants for Federal jobs.
Petroleum Engineer, GS-0881
Education: A bachelor's degree in engineering.
Duties: Petroleum engineers perform engineering work concerned with exploration and development of oil and natural gas fields; production, transportation, and storage of petroleum, natural gas, and helium; investigation, evaluation, and conservation of these resources; regulation of transportation and sale of natural gas; valuation of purposes; and research on criteria, principles, methods, and equipment.
Pharmacist, GS-0660
Education: A four-year bachelor's degree in pharmacy recognized by the American Council on Pharmaceutical Education. Except for research positions that do not entail patient care, all applicants must be licensed to practice pharmacy in a State, territory of the United States, or the District of Columbia. Applicants who meet the basic educational requirement qualify at grade GS-7.
Duties: Pharmacists compound prescriptions of physicians, dentists, and other licensed practitioners; formulate, prepare, bulk compound, select, dispense and preserve drugs, medicines, and chemicals; develop original techniques of compounding and making new investigational drugs available for use; advise on drug therapy and usage; or perform administrative, consultive, or staff advisory work concerning the administration of a pharmacy program for hospital, clinic, or other medical care facility.
Pharmacologist, GS-0405
Education: A bachelor's degree in an appropriate biological, medical, veterinary, or physical science, or pharmacy that includes at least 30 semester hours in chemistry and physiology and 12 semester hours in pharmacology.
Duties: Pharmacologists perform research, analytical, advisory, or other professional and scientific work relative to the history, sources, physical and chemical properties, biochemical, toxic, and physiological effects, mechanisms of action, absorption, distribution, metabolism, biotransformation and excretion, and therapeutic and other uses of drugs.
Photographer, GS-1060
Education: A bachelor's degree with major study in photography, or another field related to the position being filled.
Duties: Photographers operate still, television (video), or motion picture cameras, and process photographic film and negatives.
Photographic Technologist, GS-1386
Education: A bachelor's degree in a scientific or engineering field that includes 6 semester hours in college-level mathematics and 24 semester hours of courses in one or any combination of the following fields; photographic technology, photographic science, photogrammetry, engineering, physics, or chemistry.
Duties: Photographic technologists perform work that involves planning, research, design, development, modification, instrumentation, testing, and/or evaluation of photographic equipment and techniques. They work on cameras, mounts, sensor controls, optical systems, illuminates, image amplifiers, control systems, processors and processing laboratories, printers, viewers, photosensitive materials, and any other item that may be involved in photographic and instrumentation processes. They modify and improve existing equipment and techniques, design, and develop new ones, and build prototype models. Some may work in their own laboratories and shops, write specifications for contracted items, judge contractor proposals, monitor contracts, and test and evaluate finished items.
Physical Scientist, GS-1301
Education: A bachelor's degree in physical science, engineering or mathematics that includes 24 semester hours in physical science and/or related engineering science such as mechanics, dynamics, properties of materials, and electronics.
Duties: Physical scientists perform professional work in a combination of several fields of physical science, e.g., chemistry and physics, or any specialized field not easily identified with the other physical science disciplines.
Physical Therapist, GS-0633
Education: A bachelor's degree in physical therapy plus completion of all clinical affiliation requirements prescribed by the school.
Duties: Physical therapists treat medical patients using therapeutic exercise, massage, and physical agents such as air, water, electricity, sound, and radiant energy to promote recovery or achieve physical rehabilitation. They perform test and measurements using manual and electrical means. They also devise adaptations of equipment to meet the specific needs of the patients.
Physician's Assistant, GS-0603
Education: A bachelor's degree in a health care occupation such as nursing, medical technology, or physical therapy; and successful completion of a certificate or deploma program of at least 12 months, including clinical training and preceptorship specifically designed for professional level physician's assistants.
Duties: Physician's assistants provide diagnostic and therapeutic medical care and services under the guidance of a physician. They assist in the examination and observation of patients by taking case histories, conducting physical examinations, and ordering laboratory studies. They also carry out special procedures such as giving injections or other medication, applying or changing dressings, performing lumbar punctures, or suturing minor lacerations.
Physicist, GS-1310
Education: A bachelor's degree in physics; or a related degree that includes at least 24 semester hour in physics.
Duties: Physicists perform research or other professional and scientific work in the investigation and applications of the relations between space, time, matter, and energy in the areas of mechanics, sound, optics, heat, electricity, magnetism, radiation, or atomic and nuclear phenomena.
Physiologist, GS-0413
Education: A bachelor's degree in one of the basic animal sciences or physiology; or a related discipline or field of science that includes at least 24 semester hours in the basic animal sciences, of which 10 semester hours are in animal physiology.
Duties: Physiologists perform research or other professional and scientific work in the field of human and animal physiology, including studies of the functions, environmental response, and biological activities and processes of the basic living organism and its component parts.
Plant Pathologist, GS-0434
Education: A bachelor's degree in plant pathology; or a related discipline that includes at least 20 semester hours in basic botany or plant science, and 10 semester hours in plant pathology.
Duties: Plant pathologists investigate the cause, nature, prevalence, and severity of parasitic, nonparasitic, and virus diseases attacking plants; experiment in and establish methods for preventing and controlling such diseases; or determine how such diseases affect the propagation, planting, cultivation, storage and transportation of plants and plant products.
Plant Physiologist, GS-0435
Education: A bachelor's degree in botany or plant physiology; or a related scientific discipline that includes at least 10 semester hours in plant physiology.
Duties: Plant physiologists perform research or other professional and scientific work pertaining to one or more of such vital functions as plant growth, nutrition, respiration, and reproduction that are essential to the life of the plant or its use. This includes work on the internal processes such as assimilation, photosynthesis, translocation, or transpiration that are involved in vital functions; or on the influence which one or more environmental factors, such as humidity, water, light, mineral nutrients, and temperature have on these functions and processes.
Plant Protection and Quarantine Officer, GS-0436
Education: A bachelor's degree in biological sciences, agriculture, or a closely related field appropriate to the position being filled that includes at least 20 semester hours in such course work as agronomy, cell biology, botany, entomology, forestry, horticulture, mycology, nematology, plant pathology, soil science, or other closely related courses. Duties: Plant protection and quarantine officers establish and enforce plant quarantines. They also survey, identify, control, and eradicate plant pests.
Position Classification Specialist, GS-0221 *
Education: A bachelor's degree in any field of study.
Duties: Position classification specialists set the pay levels for Federal jobs according to the kinds of work performed, levels of difficulty, degrees of responsibility, and qualification requirements. They also conduct studies to help management better utilize personnel resources from the standpoint of manpower costs.
Poultry Scientist, GS-0487
Education: A bachelor's degree in animal science, dairy science, poultry science; or a related discipline or field of animal science that includes at least 30 semester hours in the basic biological and agricultural sciences, and 20 semester hours in animal science. At least 10 of the required 20 semester hours in animal science must be in poultry science.
Duties: Poultry scientists perform research or other professional and scientific work in the field of poultry science. They investigate, analyze and solve poultry science problems.
Printing Specialist, GS-1654
Education: A bachelor's degree with major study in journalism, business administration, English composition, commerce, accounting, printing or printing engineering, graphic or commercial art, industrial engineering, or economics.
Duties: Printing specialists supervise printing operations, including the editing, illustration, and distribution of printed materials.
Property Disposal Specialist, GS-1104 *
Education: A bachelor's degree in any field of study.
Duties: Property disposal specialists control the redistribution, donation, sale, or other disposition of surplus Government property.
Prosthetist, GS-0667
Education: A bachelor's degree with major study in prosthetics and orthotics. Duties: Prosthetists design, fabricate, and fit prostheses devices to preserve or restore functions to patients with disabling conditions of the limbs and spine or with partial or total absence of limbs.
Psychologist, GS-0180
Education: A bachelor's degree with major or equivalent in psychology.
Duties: Psychologists experiment with or systematically observe organisms to develop scientific principles or laws concerning the relationship or behavior to factors of environment, experience, or physiology. They apply their knowledge to practical situations and problems, and provide consultative services or training in psychological principles, theories, methods, and techniques.
Public Affairs Specialist, GS-1035 *
Education: A bachelor's degree in any field of study.
Duties: Public affairs specialists disseminate information about the activities of the government through newspapers, radios, television networks, periodicals, and other information media. They also furnish advice and consultation to management concerning the information needs of the public.
Public Health Program Specialist, GS-0685 *
Education: A bachelor's degree in any field of study.
Duties: Public health program specialists provide advice and assistance to state and local governments and to various public, nonprofit, and private entities on the development, implementation, operation, administration, evaluation and funding of public health activities that may be financed in whole or in part by Federal funds. They also conduct studies and perform other analytical work relating to public health programs.
Public Utilities Specialist, GS-1130 *
Education: A bachelor's degree in any field of study.
Duties: Public utilities specialists analyze private utility rate schedules to determine their reasonableness and applicability, investigate and analyze the business management organization and financial structure of public utilities in connection with licensing or regulatory actions, and purchase or sell government utility resources and services.
Quality Assurance Specialist, GS-1910 *
Education: A bachelor's degree with major study in quality assurance, statistics, mathematics, production management, industrial management, computer science, engineering, engineering technology, physical sciences, textiles, or another field related to the position.
Duties: Quality assurance specialists monitor, control, and maintain the quality and reliability of materiel, facilities, services, or processes. The work includes the operation of statistical quality assurance technical standards with emphasis on preventing defects.
Quarantine Inspector, GS-1864 *
Education: A bachelor's degree in any field provided that such study includes at least 24 semester hours in the biological or physical sciences, public health, or sanitary engineering.
Duties: Quarantine inspectors enforce public health quarantine and sanitary regulations governing the entrance of persons and things into the United States. They inspect persons for the presence of communicable diseases; and inspect vehicles, personal effects, and other things for the presence of disease, infestation, or conditions contrary to approved sanitary standards.
Railroad Safety Inspector, GS-2121
Education: A bachelor's degree with major study in engineering, electronics, physics, occupational or industrial safety, or another field related to the position being filled.
Duties: Railroad safety inspectors inspect railroad carrier operations to assure compliance with Federal laws and standards. They initiate enforcement action in the event of noncompliance. They also investigate serious train accidents or any train accident involving personal injuries.
Rangeland Management Specialist, GS-0454
Education: A bachelor's degree in range management; or a related discipline that includes at least 42 semester hours in a combination of plant, animal, and soil sciences and natural resources management, as follows: (a) at least 18 semester hours of course work in range management, including courses in such areas as basic principles of range management, range plants, range ecology, range inventories and studies, range improvements, and ranch or rangeland planning; (b) at least 15 semester hours of directly related courses in the plant, animal and soil sciences, including at least one course in each of these three scientific areas, e.g., courses in such areas as plant taxonomy, plant physiology, plant ecology, animal nutrition, livestock production, and soil morphology or soil classification; and, (c) at least 9 semester hours of course work in related resource management subjects, including courses in such areas as wildlife management, watershed management, natural resource or agricultural economics, forestry, agronomy, forages, and outdoor recreation.
Duties: Rangeland management specialists manage Federal land for use by ranchers and other permittees for grazing domestic livestock. They regulate grazing by developing cooperative relationships with user groups, develop technical standards for range management, and monitor use of the land for overgrazing and other adverse impacts.
Realty Specialist, GS-1170 *
Education: A bachelor's degree in any field of study.
Duties: Realty specialists plan, direct, or advise on the acquisition of real estate interests, dispose of real estate at a fair value for the greatest benefit to the government, and plan and manage real estate to attain its highest and best use from a realty standpoint.
Recreation Specialist, GS-0188
Education: A bachelor's degree with major study in general recreation, or one of the appropriate fields of recreation, such as outdoor recreation; recreation and parks leadership; wild land recreation management; natural resources recreation; youth recreation; public, urban, or community recreation; special populations recreation (e.g., senior citizens, institutional, etc.); or physical education.
Duties: Recreation specialists plan, organize, and administer recreation programs in Federal agencies. Many plan and carry out programs that require knowledge of a specialty area such as senior citizens recreation or youth activities.
Recreation Therapist, GS-0638
Education: A bachelor's degree in recreation therapy or in a related field with therapeutic emphasis or concentration.
Duties: Recreation therapists use recreational activities to maintain the physical and/or mental health, or rehabilitate patients. They evaluate the history, interests, and skills of patients, and develop activities to reduce emotional stress, channel energies, and help rehabilitate patients.
Safety and Occupational Health Specialist, GS-0018 *
Education: A bachelor's degree with major study in safety or occupational health fields (safety, occupational health, industrial hygiene), or another related field that includes at least 24 semester hours of study from among the following (or closely related) disciplines: safety, occupational health, industrial hygiene, occupational medicine, toxicology, public health, mathematics, physics, chemistry, biological sciences, engineering, and industrial psychology.
Duties: Safety and occupational health specialists work to eliminate or control the physical conditions, operating practices, and other factors that may cause illness or injury to Federal workers or damage to government property.
Safety Engineer, GS-0803
Education: A bachelor's degree in engineering.
Duties: Safety engineers work to eliminate or control physical conditions, operating practices, and other factors in the workplace that may result in injury to persons or damage to property.
Salary and Wage Specialist, GS-0223 *
Education: A bachelor's degree in any field of study.
Duties: Salary and wage specialists determine rates of pay used in private industry for government comparison purposes. They also administer government salary and wage programs.
Sanitarian, GS-0688
Education: A bachelor's degree that includes or is supplemented by at least 30 semester hours in a science or any combination of sciences directly related to environmental health (such as sanitary science, public health, chemistry, microbiology, or any appropriate agricultural, biological, or physical science).
Duties: Sanitarians plan, develop, administer, evaluate, and promote programs concerned with the elimination and prevention of environmental health hazards. Some sanitarians develop and revise health laws, rules, and regulations.
Savings and Loan Examiner, GS-0570 *
Education: A bachelor's degree with major study in accounting, banking, business administration, commercial or banking law, economics, finance, marketing, or another field related to the position being filled.
Duties: Farm credit examiners review the operations of savings and loan associations to determine such things as financial condition, quantity of assets, extent of liabilities, and compliance with laws and regulations.
Securities Compliance Examiner, GS-1831 *
Education: A bachelor's degree with major study in business, economics, or another field that includes or is supplemented by at least 24 semester hours in business or economic subjects and that includes 6 semester hours in accounting/auditing.
Duties: Securities compliance examiners examine registered broker-dealers, investment advisers, and investment companies to determine compliance with securities acts. They analyze financial reports to determine financial condition; examine broker accounts to determine the existence of improper activity; and review procedures for safeguarding funds and securities.
Security Specialist, GS-0080 *
Education: A bachelor's degree in any field of study.
Duties: Security specialists develop ways to safeguard Federal property, facilities, operations, information, or materials from unauthorized disclosure or sabotage. They also develop policies and procedures for analyzing and evaluating the character, background, and history of employees, candidates for employment, and other persons having or proposed to be granted access to national security information, materials, and work sites.
Social Insurance Claims Examiner, GS-0993 *
Education: A bachelor's degree in any field of study.
Duties: Social insurance claims examiners do quasi-legal work in examining, adjusting, adjudicating, authorizing, or reconsidering claims for retirement and survivor or disability benefits under the Social Security Act.
Social Insurance Representative, GS-0105 *
Education: A bachelor's degree in any field of study.
Duties: Social insurance representatives administer Federal social security old-age, survivors, disability, and/or health insurance programs. They interview claimants to determine their eligibility for social insurance, and initially adjudicate claims for social security benefits.
Social Service Representative, GS-0187 *
Education: A bachelor's degree in any field of study.
Duties: Social service representatives provide assistance to individuals and families served by social welfare programs. They make home visits, conduct interviews, establish eligibility for aid, help individuals identify needs, explain and encourage the use of Federal and community resources as means of dealing with identified problems, and make referrals to sources of additional help.
Social Worker, GS-0185
Education: A master's degree in social work.
Duties: Social workers provide direct services to individuals and families. They teach social work, do research on social work problems, train student social workers, and provide consultation and advice to members of related professions and community organizations on social work questions.
Sociologist, GS-0184
Education: A bachelor's degree in sociology; or social psychology or political science that includes at least 24 semester hours in sociology.
Duties: Sociologists conduct studies requiring a knowledge of sociological theory and methods of social research. They interpret research results, develop the implications of research for government policy, and administer programs making use of research results.
Soil Conservationist, GS-0457
Education: A bachelor's degree in soil conservation or related agricultural or natural resource discipline such as agronomy, soil science, forestry, agricultural education or agricultural engineering. The study must include 30 semester hours in a natural resource or agricultural field, including at least 12 semester hours in a combination of soils and crops or plant science. Of the 12 semester hours, a minimum of 3 must be in soils and 3 in crops or plant science.
Duties: Soil conservationists work with private landowners to develop soil and water conservation plans for farms, ranches, community developments, and other land uses. They work with government agencies and private groups in developing plans for the orderly development of area natural resources and managing broad soil and water conservation programs.
Soil Scientist, GS-0470
Education: A bachelor's degree in soil science or a closely related discipline that includes 30 semester hours or equivalent in biological, physical, or earth science, with a minimum of 15 semester hours in such subjects as soil genesis, pedology, soil chemistry, soil physics, and soil fertility.
Duties: Soil scientists conduct investigations of soils from the standpoint of their genesis, morphology, character, and classification. They perform laboratory, greenhouse, growth chamber, and field plot studies to develop soil and water management practices. They investigate soil-water-vegetation relationships in watersheds and classify land on the basis of utility, economic feasibility, and productivity for irrigation farming and other uses.
Space Scientist, GS-1330
Education: A bachelor's degree in astronomy, physics, mathematics, space science, or electronics. The course work must include differential and integral calculus and 12 semester hours in astronomy and/or physics.
Duties: Space scientists perform fundamental research on the constituents, properties, processes, and life history of space matter. They collect and analyze data on space phenomena that must be observed over long periods of time, or that must be monitored on a continuous basis as a public or scientific service.
Special Agent (Fisheries), GS-1812 *
Education: A bachelor's degree in any field of study.
Duties: Special agents (fisheries) enforce public compliance with Federal statutes and regulations relative the conservation of fishery resources.
Special Agent (Wildlife), GS-1812 *
Education: A bachelor's degree in any field of study.
Duties: Special agents (wildlife) enforce public compliance with Federal statutes and regulations relative to the conservation of wildlife resources.
Speech Pathologist, GS-0665
Education: A master's degree that includes at least 18 semester hours in the field of speech pathology with approved clinical practice.
Duties: Speech pathologists evaluate and resolve patient speech disorders, and perform related laboratory and clinical research in Federal hospitals or other research facilities.
Sports Specialist, GS-0030
Education: A bachelor's degree with major study in physical education.
Duties: Sports specialists plan and carry out sports programs within Federal agencies. They conduct clinics and seminars for coaches and officials, train athletes in individual and team sports, plan and conduct tournaments or competitions from intramural to the international levels, and direct or participate in other programs requiring a knowledge of or skill in sports.
Statistician, GS-1530
Education: A bachelor's degree that includes 15 semester hours in statistics (or in mathematics and statistics, provided at least 6 semester hours are in statistics), and 9 additional semester hours in one or more of the following: physical or biological sciences, medicine, education or engineering; or in the social sciences including demography, history, economics, social welfare, geography, international relations, social or cultural anthropology, health sociology, political science, public administration, psychology, etc.
Duties: Statisticians perform professional work, or provide professional consultation in the application of statistical theories, techniques and methods to the gathering and/or interpretation of quantified information.
Storage Specialist, GS-2030 *
Education: A bachelor's degree in any field of study.
Duties: Storage specialists store supplies and materials and care for it while in storage. Generally supplies are stored in large government warehouse or other significant storage facilities, e.g., military depots.
Supply Cataloger, GS-2050 *
Education: A bachelor's degree in any field of study.
Duties: Supply catalogers develop, maintain, or revise supply catalogs, manuals, stock lists, computer input data, item descriptions' and other documents that identify items of supply.
Supply Management Representative, GS-2003 *
Education: A bachelor's degree in any field of study.
Duties: Supply management representatives manage, direct, or administer supply programs that involve two or more technical supply functions; or analyze, develop, evaluate, or promote improvements in the policies, plans, or procedures of supply programs. Some specialists are also concerned with management activities related to supply, such as procurement, production, or quality assurance.
Tax Law Specialist, GS-0987 *
Education: A bachelor's degree in any field provided that such study includes at least 24 semester hours in accounting or law; or major study in business administration, economics, or finance, that includes at least 12 semester hours in accounting.
Duties: Tax law specialists perform quasi-legal technical tax work requiring analysis and application of tax principles and specialized knowledge of the Internal Revenue Code. They interpret the Internal Revenue Code and applicable laws and precedents; prepare regulations, rulings, and technical guides; and make or review determinations and decisions in such matters.
Tax Technician, GS-0526 *
Education: A bachelor's degree in any field of study.
Duties: Tax technicians examine or audit tax returns to determine tax liabilities, or provide technical advice and assistance to the public on tax liability issues.
Teacher, GS-1710
Education: A bachelor's degree that includes or is supplemented by supervised student teaching, and at least one course in each of the following areas: general psychology, human development, history and/or philosophy of education, and teaching methods at the learning level of the position to be filled, i.e., elementary or secondary learning level. For secondary school teaching positions, applicants must also have at least 24 semester hours of course work in each of the principal fields of instruction.
Duties: Teachers instruct and administer education programs operated by Federal agencies. They perform classroom instruction, serve as faculty advisors to student organizations or committees, coach students in school athletic activities, chaperon social activities sponsored by the school, and assign and supervise the work of teacher aids. Teachers in vocational training programs may teach courses designed to develop trade, craft, or laboring occupational knowledge and skills.
Technical Writer-Editor, GS-1083 *
Education: A bachelor's degree that includes a total of 15 semester hours in an appropriate scientific, technical or social field(s), and at least one course above the introductory level in the field(s) covered by the position being filled.
Duties: Technical publications writer-editors write and/or edit articles that require a particular subject-matter knowledge.
Telecommunications Specialist, GS-0391 *
Education: A bachelor's degree with major study in electrical or electronics engineering, mathematics, physics, public utilities, statistics, computer science, telecommunications management, information systems management, business administration, industrial management, or another field related to the position being filled.
Duties: Telecommunications specialists plan, develop, install, utilize, and maintain communications systems and facilities for Federal operations.
Textile Technologist, GS-1384
Education: A bachelor's degree in textile technology.
Duties: Textile technologists perform scientific and technological work concerned with textiles and fibers (plant, animal, and synthetic), including investigation, development, production, processing, evaluation, and application of fibers, yarns, fabrics and finishes.
Theater Specialist, GS-1054
Education: A bachelor's degree in drama or theater.
Duties: Theater specialists plan, supervise, administer, or carry out educational, recreational, cultural, or other programs in theater such as children's theater or creative dramatics; product, stage, or direct theatrical productions; instruct or serve as a specialist in direction; technical production; dance production; performance techniques; playwriting; play or music theater production; or theater administration, management or production; or perform other functions requiring knowledge and skill in the theater arts.
Toxicologist, GS-0415
Education: A bachelor's degree in toxicology; or an appropriate discipline or the biological, medical, or veterinary sciences that includes at least 30 semester hours in chemistry, biochemistry or physiology, and 12 semester hours in toxicology.
Duties: Toxicologists perform research, analytical, advisory, or other professional and scientific work that involves the study of adverse effects of chemical substances or similar agents on living organisms and/or the environment, and the assessment of the probability of their occurrence under specified conditions of use or exposure.
Trade Specialist, GS-1140 *
Education: A bachelor's degree with major study in marketing, business administration, political science, public administration, history, business or commercial law, economics, finance, international trade, or international relations.
Duties: Trade specialists perform promotional, advisory, or analytical functions pertaining to the commercial distribution of goods and services, i.e., market structure and trends, competitive relationships, retail and wholesale trade practices, trade restrictions and controls, and principles of advertising and consumer motivation.
Traffic Management Specialist, GS-2130 *
Education: A bachelor's degree with major study in accounting, business administration, business or commercial law, commerce, economics, engineering, finance, industrial management, statistics, traffic management, transportation, motor mechanics, or another field related to the position being filled.
Duties: Traffic management specialists develop policies and plans for the management of traffic programs; plan and direct traffic operations; or perform technical work in transporting freight, personal property, or passengers, by common or other transportation carrier services.
Training Instructor, GS-1712
Education: A bachelor's degree with major study in education or a subject area related to the position being filled.
Duties: Training instructors serve as classroom instructors in various types of Government-operated technical training programs.
Training Specialist, GS-1712
Education: A bachelor's degree with major study in education or a subject area related to the position being filled.
Duties: Training specialists develop formalized programs of instruction, or perform other similar staff work.
Transportation Industry Analyst, GS-2110 *
Education: A bachelor's degree with major study in accounting, business administration, business or commercial law, commerce, economics, engineering, finance, industrial management, statistics, traffic management, transportation, motor mechanics, or another field related to the position being filled.
Duties: Transportation industry analysts perform analytical, evaluative, advisory, or similar work pertaining to regulation of the transportation industry with regard to operations, economics, equity in industry practices, and protection of the public interest.
Transportation Operation Specialist, GS-2150 *
Education: A bachelor's degree with major study in accounting, business administration, business or commercial law, commerce, economics, engineering, finance, industrial management, statistics, traffic management, transportation, motor mechanics, or another field related to the position being filled.
Duties: Transportation operation specialists plan, direct, or operate rail, motor, air, or water transportation systems and services, including the operation of both transportation service and terminal facilities. Positions concerned with water transportation systems are titled Marine Transportation Specialists.
Treasury Enforcement Agent, GS-1811
Education: A bachelor's degree with major study in law enforcement, psychology, political science, sociology, law (general), police science, police administration, criminology, criminal justice, public affairs, business administration, computer science, urban studies, government, history, language, or other related education that includes at least 24 semester hours of study in these or closely related fields.
Duties: Treasury enforcement agents are criminal investigators within the Department of Treasury, excluding the Internal Revenue Service. Investigations conducted by these agents are peculiar to the Treasury Department, e.g., of alleged counterfeiting operations.
Unemployment Compensation Claims Examiner, GS-0994 *
Education: A bachelor's degree in any field of study.
Duties: Unemployment compensation claims examiners perform quasi-legal work involved in developing, examining, adjusting, reconsidering, or authorizing the settlement of claims for unemployment insurance, including sickness benefits.
Unemployment Insurance Specialist, GS-0106 *
Education: A bachelor's degree with major study in economics, industrial relations, law, sociology, political science, public administration, or another related field. Courses in statistics or mathematics applicable to the social sciences are creditable up to a maximum of 12 semester hours.
Duties: Unemployment insurance specialists develop, promote, and evaluate social insurance programs administered by Federal-state joint arrangements. They set minimum standards under which states collect and record taxes, pay benefits and training allowances, adjudicate disputes over benefits, and manage unemployment insurance budgetary functions.
Veterans Claims Examiner, GS-0996 *
Education: A bachelor's degree in any field of study.
Duties: Veterans claims examiners adjudicate claims from veterans and their dependents or beneficiaries in regard to disability or death pensions and compensation, dependency and indemnity compensation, life insurance, educational assistance, vocational rehabilitation and other benefits.
Veterinary Medical Officer, GS-0701
Education: A doctor of veterinary medicine degree.
Duties: Veterinary medical officers investigate, inspect, and deal with animal diseases, animal pollution, and contamination of food of animal origin. Some are concerned with the health and safety of imported animals and animal products or with cooperative health enforcement activities both in and outside government service.
Visa Examiner, GS-0967 *
Education: A bachelor's degree in any field of study.
Duties: Visa examiners review, evaluate, and examine applications for United States visa and other privileges and services that involve determinations of aliens' fitness for admission to this country.
Vocational Rehabilitation Specialist, GS-1715 *
Education: A bachelor's degree with major study in vocational rehabilitation, vocational or educational counseling, or another field related to the position being filled.
Duties: Vocational rehabilitation specialists plan and arrange training programs for individuals whose employability in impaired by problems stemming from physical or mental disability, lack of education and job skills, or social adjustment needs. They place these individuals in gainful employment and supervise them during their training and adjustment to the job.
Wage and Hour Compliance Specialist, GS-0249 *
Education: A bachelor's degree in any field of study.
Duties: Wage and hour compliance specialists assure private industry compliance with Federal labor laws regarding wages, hours of work, overtime pay, child labor, discrimination in employment or wages, and related conditions of employment.
Warehouse Examiner, GS-1850
Education: A bachelor's degree in agronomy, agricultural engineering, agricultural education, or agricultural economics.
Duties: Warehouse examiners perform work in examining storage facilities licensed or to be licensed under Federal law for storing agricultural commodities; or examine similar facilities approved or to be approved under government contract or agreement. Specializations may include cotton, grain, and processed commodities.
Welding Engineer, GS-0894
Education: A bachelor's degree in engineering.
Duties: Welding engineers perform research or other work in which welding and engineering principles are applied to the development and improvement of welding equipment and processes, the design of welding sequences and welded structures, the establishment and maintenance of standards and quality controls for welding, and similar work regarding metallic joining or cutting processes allied to welding.
Wildlife Biologist, GS-0486
Education: A bachelor's degree in biological science that includes: (a) at least 9 semester hours in such wildlife subjects as mammalogy, ornithology, animal ecology, wildlife management, or research courses in the field of wildlife biology; (b) at least 12 semester hours in zoology in such subjects as general zoology, invertebrate zoology, vertebrate zoology, comparative anatomy, physiology, genetics, ecology, cellular biology, parasitology, entomology, or research courses in such subjects; and (c) at least 9 semester hours in botany or the related plant sciences. Excess courses in wildlife biology may be used to meet the zoology requirements where appropriate.
Duties: Wildlife biologists conduct studies of wildlife ecology, nutrition, parasites and diseases, and ways to control populations of harmful species. They regulate the protection and/or hunting of migratory birds to secure a sustained maximum yield. Some biologists manage wildlife habitat on national forests, national parks, and other Federal land.
Wildlife Refuge Manager, GS-0485
Education: A bachelor's degree in zoology, wildlife management, or an appropriate field of biology that includes at least 9 semester hours in zoology; 6 semester hours in such wildlife courses as mammalogy, ornithology, animal ecology, or wildlife management; and 9 semester hours in botany.
Duties: Wildlife refuge managers manage national wildlife refuges.
Workers' Compensation Claims Examiner, GS-0991 *
Education: A bachelor's degree in any field of study.
Duties: Workers' compensation claims examiners adjudicate claims for compensation under the Federal Employees' Compensation Act, and/or the Longshoremen's and Harbor Workers' Compensation Act, and/or their statutory extensions.
Writer-Editor, GS-1082 *
Education: A bachelor's degree in any field of study.
Duties: Writer-editors write or edit reports, articles, and news stories or releases that are to appear in publications, periodicals, or the press; or speeches to be presented in person, or by means of radio or television transmission; or radio, television, or motion picture scripts.
Zoologist, GS-0410
Education: A bachelor's degree in zoology; or a related discipline or field of science that includes at least 20 semester hours in zoology and related animal sciences.
Duties: Zoologists perform work relative to the classification, structure, ecology, parasitological phenomena, evolution and the life history of animals. In the Federal service most are involved in basic or applied research. Some make field trips to observe the environment in which a species live and to acquire specimen. In the laboratory they preserve or dissect specimen, and make comparative studies. They disseminate their findings through learned papers, lectures, and exhibits. Others study the biology, life cycles, and habits of animal or plant parasites. They work in the laboratory and in the field to resolve questions of infective stages, method of entry, symptoms, tests, chemotherapy, and control methods.